5
Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers
in Fish
Contents
5.1 The Meaning of Genetic Diversity ................................................................................... 109
5.2 Genetic Diversity and Marine Organism Resources ........................................................ 111
5.3 What Are Genetic Markers? ............................................................................................. 112
5.4 DNA Polymorph Detection Methods................................................................................ 115
5.5 Genetic Analysis Through DNA Markers ........................................................................ 118
5.6 Research Applying DNA Markers.................................................................................... 125
5.7 New Marine Breeding with DNA Markers ...................................................................... 133
5.8 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 141
References .................................................................................................................................. 142
5.1 The Meaning of Genetic Diversity
Among organisms, genetic diversity is a quantitative representation of the diversity
existing within and between species that is passed on to descendants through
genetic mechanisms, or the differences in homologous genes within and between
species. An example would be to compare genetic base sequences and use differing
base ratios for measurement. The origins of genetic diversity lie in the various
mutations that arise in species, such as base transposition, deletion, and repetition or
gene transformation, recombination, and transfer (Liu and Cordes 2004).
As a category, genetic diversity encompasses both fluctuation within a population and differentiation between populations. Fluctuations occur over the short and
long term through the balance between mutation supply and loss within a given
natural population. The genetic mutations within a wild population are understood
The original version of this chapter was revised: belated author corrections have been
incorporated. The correction to this chapter is available at
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_12
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019, corrected publication 2021
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_5
109
Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers
in Fish
Contents
5.1 The Meaning of Genetic Diversity ................................................................................... 109
5.2 Genetic Diversity and Marine Organism Resources ........................................................ 111
5.3 What Are Genetic Markers? ............................................................................................. 112
5.4 DNA Polymorph Detection Methods................................................................................ 115
5.5 Genetic Analysis Through DNA Markers ........................................................................ 118
5.6 Research Applying DNA Markers.................................................................................... 125
5.7 New Marine Breeding with DNA Markers ...................................................................... 133
5.8 Chapter Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................... 141
References .................................................................................................................................. 142
5.1 The Meaning of Genetic Diversity
Among organisms, genetic diversity is a quantitative representation of the diversity
existing within and between species that is passed on to descendants through
genetic mechanisms, or the differences in homologous genes within and between
species. An example would be to compare genetic base sequences and use differing
base ratios for measurement. The origins of genetic diversity lie in the various
mutations that arise in species, such as base transposition, deletion, and repetition or
gene transformation, recombination, and transfer (Liu and Cordes 2004).
As a category, genetic diversity encompasses both fluctuation within a population and differentiation between populations. Fluctuations occur over the short and
long term through the balance between mutation supply and loss within a given
natural population. The genetic mutations within a wild population are understood
The original version of this chapter was revised: belated author corrections have been
incorporated. The correction to this chapter is available at
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_12
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019, corrected publication 2021
S.-K. Kim, Essentials of Marine Biotechnology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20944-5_5
109