89
Abstract
Plastic is an integral part of our daily lives, from shopping bags to an essential material for
infrastructure. It is widely used because of its durability, attributed to its inability to degrade in the
environment for centuries. In recent decades, global plastic production has been steadily increasing,
resulting in severe pollution of the global aquatic ecosystem. Microplastics (plastic particles <5
mm) are introduced into aquatic environments directly as industrial raw material (plastic pellets,
cosmetics, clothing) or indirectly via the fragmentation of larger plastics.
The present study focuses on the assessment of microplastics for the first time in Zemmouri Bay, a
coastal ecosystem characterized by intense anthropogenic activities.
The main objectives are:
1) To evaluate the contamination of environmental matrices (surface waters, subtidal sediments) by
microplastics.
2) To make a comparison between the amounts found in sediments and surface waters.
Surface water samples were taken by manta net, and sediment samples were taken by grab sampler.
The microplastics extraction procedure is based on the high density saturated saline method. . Due
to the delay in the sea trip due to several obstacles encountered and the limited time to analyze the
samples, a part of the sediment samples and all the samples of the water matrix were analyzed. The
analysis showed a high contamination of both matrices in the study area with a higher quantity in
the sediment matrix (average of 438.33 items) compared to the water matrix (average of 384.6
items) and a dominance of filament compared to other types of microplastic.
Overall, this work provides a first assessment of the contamination by microplastics in Zemmouri
Bay, and opens perspectives for new scientific research to find solutions to this pollution problem.
‫الملخص‬
‫انٕٛيٛت‬ ‫حٛبحُب‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫ٚخضضأ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫صضء‬ ‫انبالعخٛك‬
‫؛‬
‫نهبُٛت‬ ‫أعبعٛت‬ ‫يبدة‬ ٔ‫أ‬ ‫حغٕق‬ ‫أكٛبط‬ ٌ‫كب‬ ‫عٕاء‬
‫ٚغخخذو‬ ‫انخحخٛت‬
‫ٔاعغ‬ ‫َطبق‬ ٗ‫ػه‬
ِ‫ػًش‬ ‫بغبب‬
‫انطٕٚم‬
.ٌٔ‫لش‬ ‫نؼذة‬ ‫انبٛئت‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انخذْٕس‬ ٗ‫ػه‬ ّ‫لذسح‬ ‫ػذو‬ ٗ‫إن‬ ‫رنك‬ ‫ٔٚشصغ‬ ،
‫اإلَخبس‬ ‫صاد‬ ،‫انًبضٛت‬ ‫انؼمٕد‬ ٖ‫يذ‬ ٗ‫ػه‬
‫يًب‬ ،‫يطشد‬ ‫بشكم‬ ‫نهبالعخٛك‬ ًٙ‫انؼبن‬
.ًٙ‫انؼبن‬ ٙ‫انًبئ‬ ٙ‫انبٛئ‬ ‫نهُظبو‬ ‫شذٚذ‬ ‫حهٕد‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫حغبب‬
‫ٚذخم‬
‫انذلٛك‬ ‫انبالعخٛك‬
‫(صضٚئبث‬
ٍ‫ي‬ ‫ألم‬ ‫انبالعخٛك‬
5
)‫يالبظ‬ ،‫حضًٛم‬ ‫يغخحضشاث‬ ،‫بالعخٛكٛت‬ ‫(حبٛببث‬ ‫صُبػٛت‬ ‫خبو‬ ‫كًٕاد‬ ‫يببشش‬ ‫بشكم‬ ‫انًبئٛت‬ ‫انبٛئبث‬ ٙ‫ف‬ )‫يى‬
‫حضى‬ ‫األكبش‬ ‫انبالعخٛكٛت‬ ‫انًٕاد‬ ‫حفخٛج‬ ‫خالل‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫يببشش‬ ‫غٛش‬ ‫بشكم‬ ٔ‫أ‬
‫حبح‬
‫بششٚت‬ ‫بأَشطت‬ ‫ٚخًٛض‬ ٙ‫عبحه‬ ٙ‫بٛئ‬ ‫َظبو‬ ْٕٔ ، ٘‫صيٕس‬ ‫خهٛش‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫يشة‬ ‫ألٔل‬ ‫انذلٛمت‬ ‫انبالعخٛكٛت‬ ‫انًٕاد‬ ‫حمٛٛى‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انذساعت‬ ِ‫ْز‬ ‫ذ‬
:ْٙ ‫انشئٛغٛت‬ ‫األْذاف‬ .‫يكزفت‬
1
ً‫ان‬ ‫ححج‬ ‫انشٔاعب‬ ،‫انغطحٛت‬ ِ‫(انًٛب‬ ‫انبٛئٛت‬ ‫انًصفٕفبث‬ ‫حهٕد‬ ‫حمٛٛى‬ )
‫ب‬
ٛ‫ئ‬
‫ب‬ )‫ت‬
‫انبالعخك‬ ‫ضضٚئبث‬
،‫انذلٛمت‬
2
‫انكًٛت‬ ‫يمبسَت‬ )
ِ‫ٔانًٛب‬ ‫انشٔاعب‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انًٕصٕدة‬
‫انغطحٛت‬
‫حى‬
‫بٕاعطت‬ ‫انغطحٛت‬ ِ‫انًٛب‬ ‫ػُٛبث‬ ‫أخز‬
‫شبكت‬
‫بٕاعطت‬ ‫انشٔاعب‬ ‫ػُٛبث‬ ‫ٔأخزث‬ ، ‫يبَخب‬
‫يضشفت‬
‫ي‬
ٍ
ٍٛ‫ف‬ ٌ‫فب‬ ‫َٕع‬
‫إصشاء‬ ‫ٚؼخًذ‬ .
‫اعخخشاس‬
‫انبالعخك‬ ‫صضٚئبث‬
‫انذلٛمت‬
‫انشٔاعب‬ ‫ػُٛبث‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫صضء‬ ‫ححهٛم‬ ‫حى‬ .‫انكزبفت‬ ٙ‫ػبن‬ ‫انًشبغ‬ ٙ‫انًهح‬ ‫انًحهٕل‬ ‫طشٚمت‬ ٗ‫ػه‬
‫ٔصًٛغ‬
‫انؼُٛبث‬ ‫نخحهٛم‬ ‫انًحذٔد‬ ‫ٔانٕلج‬ ‫انؼٕائك‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ‫انؼذٚذ‬ ‫بغبب‬ ‫انبحشٚت‬ ‫ببنشحهت‬ ‫انمٛبو‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انخأخٛش‬ ‫بغبب‬ ِ‫انًٛب‬ ‫يصفٕفت‬ ‫ػُٛبث‬
.
‫أظٓش‬
‫(يخٕعظ‬ ‫انشٔاعب‬ ‫يصفٕفت‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ٗ‫أػه‬ ‫بكًٛت‬ ‫انذساعت‬ ‫يُطمت‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ٍٛ‫نهًصفٕفخ‬ ‫ًب‬ ٕٚ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ ً ‫حهٕر‬ ‫انخحهٛم‬
43..33
‫صغٛى‬
‫يمبسَت‬ )
‫(يخٕعظ‬ ‫انًبئٛت‬ ‫ببنًصفٕفت‬
3.4.6
‫صغٛى‬
‫انذلٛك‬ ‫انبالعخٛك‬ ٍ‫ي‬ ٖ‫أخش‬ ‫بإَٔاع‬ ‫يمبسَت‬ ‫انشؼٛشاث‬ ‫ًُْٔٛت‬ )
.
‫حهٕل‬ ‫إلٚضبد‬ ‫انضذٚذ‬ ًٙ‫انؼه‬ ‫نهبحذ‬ ‫ب‬ ً ‫آفبل‬ ‫ٔٚفخح‬ ،٘‫صيٕس‬ ‫خهٛش‬ ٙ‫ف‬ ‫انذلٛك‬ ‫ببنبالعخٛك‬ ‫نهخهٕد‬ ‫حمٛٛى‬ ‫أٔل‬ ‫انؼًم‬ ‫ْزا‬ ‫ٕٚفش‬ ،‫ػبو‬ ‫بشكم‬
‫انخهٕد‬ ‫نًشكهت‬
.