10 – The Future of Coral Reefs in a Rapidly Changing World
107
rapid global change will consequently translate as a
greater abundance and diversity of coral reef organisms
from which reefs will expand when the climate has
finally stabilised once again.
ADDITIONAL READING
Baker, A. C. (2001). Reef corals bleach to survive change.
Nature 411, 765–766.
Done, T. J., Whetton, P., Jones, R., Berkelmans, R.,
Lough, J., Skirving, W., and Wooldridge, S. (2003).
Global climate change and coral bleaching on
the Great Barrier Reef. Final report to the State of
Queensland, Greenhouse Taskforce through the
Department of Natural Resources and Mining,
Townsville.
Donner, S. D., Skirving, W. J., Little, C. M., Oppenheimer, M., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2005). Global
assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
of adaptation under climate change. Global Change
Biology 11, 1–15.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). Coral bleaching, climate
change and the future of the world’s coral reefs.
Marine and Freshwater Research 50, 839–866.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2006). Low coral cover in a highCO 2 world. Journal of Geophysical Research 110,
C09S06, doi:10.1029/2004JC002528. Available at:
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/
2004JC002528.shtml [Verified 21 March 2008].
Hoegh-Guldberg, H., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2004).
‘Biological, Economic and Social Impacts of Climate
Change on the Great Barrier Reef.’ World Wide
Fund for Nature, Sydney.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J.,
Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell D.
R., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., Knowlton,
N., Eakin, C. M., Iglesias-Prieto, R., Muthiga, N.,
Bradbury, R. H., Dubi, A., and Hatziolos, M. E.
(2007). Coral reefs under rapid climate change and
ocean acidification. Science 284, 118–120.
Hughes, T. P., Rodriques, M J., Bellwood, D. R.,
Ceccarelli, D., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., McCook, L.,
Moltschaniwskyj, and N., Pratchet, M. S. (2007).
Regime-shifts, herbivory and the resilience of
coral reefs to climate change. Current Biology 17,
360–365.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports (1992, 1996, 2001, 2007). Available
at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessmentsreports.htm [Verified 25 March 2008].
Kleypas, J. A, Buddemeier, R. W., Archer, D., Gattuso,
J.-P., Langdon, C., and Opdyke, B. N. (1999).
Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284,
118–120.
Marshall, P., and Schuttenberg, H. (2006). ‘A Reef
Manager’s Guide to Coral Bleaching.’ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Australia. Available online at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.
au/corp_site/info_services/publications/misc_
pub/a_reef_managers_guide_to_coral_bleaching.
Parmesan, C., and Yohe, G. (2003). A globally coherent
fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural
systems. Nature 421, 37–43.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola,
J.-M., Basile, I., Benders, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis,
M., Delayque, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V. M.,
Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pépin, L., Ritz,
C., Saltzman, E., Stievenard, M. (1999). Climate and
atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the
Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399, 429–436.
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh-Guldberg,
O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J., Turley, C.,
and Watson, A. (2005). Ocean acidification due to
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Royal
Society Special Report, pp. 68.
Walther, G. -R., Post, E., Convey, P., Menzel, A.,
Parmesan, C., Beebee, T. J. C., Fromentin, J.-M.,
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., and Bairlein, F. (2002).
Ecological responses to recent climate change.
Nature 416, 389–395.
Wilson, S., Graham, N. A. J., Pratchett, M., Jones, G. P.,
and Polunin, N. V. C. (2006). Multiple disturbances
and the global degradation of coral reefs: are reef
fishes at risk or resilient? Global Change Biology 12,
2220–2234.
107
rapid global change will consequently translate as a
greater abundance and diversity of coral reef organisms
from which reefs will expand when the climate has
finally stabilised once again.
ADDITIONAL READING
Baker, A. C. (2001). Reef corals bleach to survive change.
Nature 411, 765–766.
Done, T. J., Whetton, P., Jones, R., Berkelmans, R.,
Lough, J., Skirving, W., and Wooldridge, S. (2003).
Global climate change and coral bleaching on
the Great Barrier Reef. Final report to the State of
Queensland, Greenhouse Taskforce through the
Department of Natural Resources and Mining,
Townsville.
Donner, S. D., Skirving, W. J., Little, C. M., Oppenheimer, M., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2005). Global
assessment of coral bleaching and required rates
of adaptation under climate change. Global Change
Biology 11, 1–15.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). Coral bleaching, climate
change and the future of the world’s coral reefs.
Marine and Freshwater Research 50, 839–866.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2006). Low coral cover in a highCO 2 world. Journal of Geophysical Research 110,
C09S06, doi:10.1029/2004JC002528. Available at:
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/
2004JC002528.shtml [Verified 21 March 2008].
Hoegh-Guldberg, H., and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2004).
‘Biological, Economic and Social Impacts of Climate
Change on the Great Barrier Reef.’ World Wide
Fund for Nature, Sydney.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J.,
Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell D.
R., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., Knowlton,
N., Eakin, C. M., Iglesias-Prieto, R., Muthiga, N.,
Bradbury, R. H., Dubi, A., and Hatziolos, M. E.
(2007). Coral reefs under rapid climate change and
ocean acidification. Science 284, 118–120.
Hughes, T. P., Rodriques, M J., Bellwood, D. R.,
Ceccarelli, D., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., McCook, L.,
Moltschaniwskyj, and N., Pratchet, M. S. (2007).
Regime-shifts, herbivory and the resilience of
coral reefs to climate change. Current Biology 17,
360–365.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports (1992, 1996, 2001, 2007). Available
at http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessmentsreports.htm [Verified 25 March 2008].
Kleypas, J. A, Buddemeier, R. W., Archer, D., Gattuso,
J.-P., Langdon, C., and Opdyke, B. N. (1999).
Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284,
118–120.
Marshall, P., and Schuttenberg, H. (2006). ‘A Reef
Manager’s Guide to Coral Bleaching.’ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Australia. Available online at http://www.gbrmpa.gov.
au/corp_site/info_services/publications/misc_
pub/a_reef_managers_guide_to_coral_bleaching.
Parmesan, C., and Yohe, G. (2003). A globally coherent
fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural
systems. Nature 421, 37–43.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola,
J.-M., Basile, I., Benders, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis,
M., Delayque, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V. M.,
Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pépin, L., Ritz,
C., Saltzman, E., Stievenard, M. (1999). Climate and
atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the
Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399, 429–436.
Raven, J., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh-Guldberg,
O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J., Turley, C.,
and Watson, A. (2005). Ocean acidification due to
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Royal
Society Special Report, pp. 68.
Walther, G. -R., Post, E., Convey, P., Menzel, A.,
Parmesan, C., Beebee, T. J. C., Fromentin, J.-M.,
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., and Bairlein, F. (2002).
Ecological responses to recent climate change.
Nature 416, 389–395.
Wilson, S., Graham, N. A. J., Pratchett, M., Jones, G. P.,
and Polunin, N. V. C. (2006). Multiple disturbances
and the global degradation of coral reefs: are reef
fishes at risk or resilient? Global Change Biology 12,
2220–2234.