Insecticides and herbicides in soils 71
Table 3.4 Gas chromatographic methods for the determination of Triazine-type Herbicides in soil
extracts.
Triazine herbicide
Extraction method
Comments
Reference
Trifluralin, Linuron
Methylene chloride or
Gas chromatography
50,51
fluorochloridone,
ethylacetate
with N-P detection or
Triazine types: atrazine
mass spectrometry
Alachlor, Metolachlor
and Pendimethalin
Atrazine, Simazine,
Solid-phase
Gas
52
Terbuthylazine,
microwave-assisted
chromatography-mass
molinate
extraction using
spectrometry. Limit of
methanol
detection: 1–10 ng/g
Atrazine, Cyanazine,
Supercritical fluid
Gas chromatography and
53
Diethylatrazine,
chromatography with
high performance liquid
Metochlor
CO 2
chromatography
Atrazine, Simazine
Methanol
Gas chromatography with
46,49
Linuron, Metribuzin
ECD
Triallate, Phorate
Atrazine
Hexane-acetone
Isotope dilution mass
spectrometry. Limit of
29
detection: 01–1.0 ppm
Source: Arthur’s own files.
ammonium groups. Recoveries from soils were 70–80% for quaternary and 90–95%
for triazine herbicides. The limit of determination was about 10 ug per kg sample.
Other Applications of Gas Chromatography to the Determination of Triazine Type
Pesticides in Soul are reviewed in Table 3.4.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
The isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method described by
Lopez-Avila et al [29] has been applied to the determination of Atrazine in soil. In this
method known amounts of labelled Atrazine were introduced into soil samples before
extraction with acetone-hexane. The ratio of the naturally abundant compound and
the stable-labelled isotope was determined by high-resolution gas chromatographymass spectrometry with the mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring mode.
Detection limits of 0.1–1.0 ppb were achieved. Accuracy was .86% and precision better
than 8%.
High performance liquid chromatography
Sanchez-Rasero and Dios et al [54] have described a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Cyanazine in the presence of some
normal soil constituents. This method was specific, accurate and precise with a detection limit of 0.253 mg Cyanazine equivalent to 2 ul of a 0.1256 mg per litre solution.
The use of a microbore column, diode-array detector and multichannel integrator was
more economical in terms of operating costs and avoided the partial degradation of
Table 3.4 Gas chromatographic methods for the determination of Triazine-type Herbicides in soil
extracts.
Triazine herbicide
Extraction method
Comments
Reference
Trifluralin, Linuron
Methylene chloride or
Gas chromatography
50,51
fluorochloridone,
ethylacetate
with N-P detection or
Triazine types: atrazine
mass spectrometry
Alachlor, Metolachlor
and Pendimethalin
Atrazine, Simazine,
Solid-phase
Gas
52
Terbuthylazine,
microwave-assisted
chromatography-mass
molinate
extraction using
spectrometry. Limit of
methanol
detection: 1–10 ng/g
Atrazine, Cyanazine,
Supercritical fluid
Gas chromatography and
53
Diethylatrazine,
chromatography with
high performance liquid
Metochlor
CO 2
chromatography
Atrazine, Simazine
Methanol
Gas chromatography with
46,49
Linuron, Metribuzin
ECD
Triallate, Phorate
Atrazine
Hexane-acetone
Isotope dilution mass
spectrometry. Limit of
29
detection: 01–1.0 ppm
Source: Arthur’s own files.
ammonium groups. Recoveries from soils were 70–80% for quaternary and 90–95%
for triazine herbicides. The limit of determination was about 10 ug per kg sample.
Other Applications of Gas Chromatography to the Determination of Triazine Type
Pesticides in Soul are reviewed in Table 3.4.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
The isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method described by
Lopez-Avila et al [29] has been applied to the determination of Atrazine in soil. In this
method known amounts of labelled Atrazine were introduced into soil samples before
extraction with acetone-hexane. The ratio of the naturally abundant compound and
the stable-labelled isotope was determined by high-resolution gas chromatographymass spectrometry with the mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring mode.
Detection limits of 0.1–1.0 ppb were achieved. Accuracy was .86% and precision better
than 8%.
High performance liquid chromatography
Sanchez-Rasero and Dios et al [54] have described a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Cyanazine in the presence of some
normal soil constituents. This method was specific, accurate and precise with a detection limit of 0.253 mg Cyanazine equivalent to 2 ul of a 0.1256 mg per litre solution.
The use of a microbore column, diode-array detector and multichannel integrator was
more economical in terms of operating costs and avoided the partial degradation of