Table of contents
Preface
xi
1 Extraction of organic compounds from soil
1
1.1 Conventional solvent extraction
1
1.2 Accelerated solvent extraction
1
1.3 Pressurised liquid extraction
5
1.4 Microwave-assisted extraction
5
1.5 Subcritical water extraction
6
1.6 Solid-phase microextraction
6
1.7 Supercritical fluid extraction
7
References
8
2 Organic compounds in soils
13
2.1 Hydrocarbons
13
2.1.1 Aliphatic hydrocarbons
13
2.1.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons
15
2.1.3 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
17
2.2 Oxygen containing compounds
22
2.2.1 Alcohols, ketones and aldehydes
22
2.2.2 Carboxylic acids
23
2.2.3 Phenols
23
2.2.4 Methoxy groups
25
2.3 Chlorine containing compounds
25
2.3.1 Chloroaliphatic hydrocarbons
25
2.3.2 Chloroaromatic hydrocarbons
27
2.3.3 Chlorophenols
28
2.3.4 Polychlorobiphenyls
30
2.4 Nitrogen containing compounds
33
2.4.1 Aromatic amines
33
2.4.2 Nitro compounds
33
2.4.3 N-Oxides
34
2.4.4 Nitrosamines
34
2.4.5 Ethylene diamine tetracetric acid
35