3.8 REFERENCES
1. Cerceo, E., Acid precipitation in southern New Jersey, Amer. Lab., July, 1987,
24.
2. Hileman, B., Amphibian declines remain a mystery, C&EN, June 15, 1998, 20.
3. Thomas, A., Platts-Mills, E. and Carter, M.C., Asthma and indoor exposure to
allergens, New Engl. J. Med., 336, 1384, 1997.
4. Sears, M.R., Worldwide trends in asthma mortality, Bull. Int. Union Tuber.
Lung Dis., 66, 80, 1991.
5. Goldsmith, J. R. and Friberg, L. T., Effects of air pollution on human health,
in Stern, A.C., Ed., Air Pollution, Vol. II, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York,
1977, p.469.
6. Mehta, P.S. et al. Bhopal tragedy’s health effects – A review of methyl
isocyanate toxicity, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 264, 2781, 1990.
7. Brown, H.S., Lessons from Bhopal, C &EN, Oct. 10, 1994, 38.
8. Anspauch, L.R., Catlin, R.J. and Goldman, M., The global impact of the
Chernobyl Reactor Accident, Science, 242, 1513, 1988.
9. Freemantle, M., Ten years after Chernobyl – Consequences are still emerging,
C&EN, April, 29, 1996, 18.
10. Christen, K., Slow recovery after Exxon Valdez oil spill, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
April 1, 1999, 148.
11. Short, J.W. et al., Estimate of oil persisting on the beaches of Prince William
Sound 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 19,
2004.
12. Goldsmith, J.R. and Friberg, L.T., Effects of air pollution on human health, in
Stern, A.C., Ed., Air Pollution, Academic Press, New York, 1977, p.561.
13. Xu, X. et al., Association of air pollution hospital outpatient visits in Beijing,
Arch. Environ. Health, 50, 214, 1995.
14. Wong, C. M. et al., Coronary artery disease varies seasonably in subtropics,
Br. Med. J., 319, 1004, 1996.
15. Wong, C. M. et al., Effect of air pollution on daily mortality in Hong Kong,
Environ. Health Persp., 109, 335, 2001.
3.9 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What are the differences between acute and chronic injuries?
2. What is chlorosis? How does it occur?
3. What is meant by ‘‘excess deaths’’?
4. Most of the victims of air pollution episodes are older people or those with
prior illnesses. What are the possible reasons for this?
5. What are the differences between a primary pollutant and a secondary
pollutant?
6. How is air pollution associated with hospital admissions?
7. Explain the following episodes:
a) London, U.K., 1952
b) Bhopal, India, 1984
c) Chernobyl, USSR, 1986
d) Alaska, U.S., 1989
Occurrence of Toxicants
43
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-003.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-003 Page: 43 31-44
1. Cerceo, E., Acid precipitation in southern New Jersey, Amer. Lab., July, 1987,
24.
2. Hileman, B., Amphibian declines remain a mystery, C&EN, June 15, 1998, 20.
3. Thomas, A., Platts-Mills, E. and Carter, M.C., Asthma and indoor exposure to
allergens, New Engl. J. Med., 336, 1384, 1997.
4. Sears, M.R., Worldwide trends in asthma mortality, Bull. Int. Union Tuber.
Lung Dis., 66, 80, 1991.
5. Goldsmith, J. R. and Friberg, L. T., Effects of air pollution on human health,
in Stern, A.C., Ed., Air Pollution, Vol. II, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York,
1977, p.469.
6. Mehta, P.S. et al. Bhopal tragedy’s health effects – A review of methyl
isocyanate toxicity, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 264, 2781, 1990.
7. Brown, H.S., Lessons from Bhopal, C &EN, Oct. 10, 1994, 38.
8. Anspauch, L.R., Catlin, R.J. and Goldman, M., The global impact of the
Chernobyl Reactor Accident, Science, 242, 1513, 1988.
9. Freemantle, M., Ten years after Chernobyl – Consequences are still emerging,
C&EN, April, 29, 1996, 18.
10. Christen, K., Slow recovery after Exxon Valdez oil spill, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
April 1, 1999, 148.
11. Short, J.W. et al., Estimate of oil persisting on the beaches of Prince William
Sound 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 19,
2004.
12. Goldsmith, J.R. and Friberg, L.T., Effects of air pollution on human health, in
Stern, A.C., Ed., Air Pollution, Academic Press, New York, 1977, p.561.
13. Xu, X. et al., Association of air pollution hospital outpatient visits in Beijing,
Arch. Environ. Health, 50, 214, 1995.
14. Wong, C. M. et al., Coronary artery disease varies seasonably in subtropics,
Br. Med. J., 319, 1004, 1996.
15. Wong, C. M. et al., Effect of air pollution on daily mortality in Hong Kong,
Environ. Health Persp., 109, 335, 2001.
3.9 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What are the differences between acute and chronic injuries?
2. What is chlorosis? How does it occur?
3. What is meant by ‘‘excess deaths’’?
4. Most of the victims of air pollution episodes are older people or those with
prior illnesses. What are the possible reasons for this?
5. What are the differences between a primary pollutant and a secondary
pollutant?
6. How is air pollution associated with hospital admissions?
7. Explain the following episodes:
a) London, U.K., 1952
b) Bhopal, India, 1984
c) Chernobyl, USSR, 1986
d) Alaska, U.S., 1989
Occurrence of Toxicants
43
[16:54 26/8/04 P:/CRC PRESS/4365 MING-HO.751 (1670)/4365-003.3d]
Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-003 Page: 43 31-44