Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society
xx
CONTENTS
Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, 44
Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, 51
Key Science Challenges, 55
Challenges Related to the Sun and Heliosphere, 55
Challenges Related to Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, 57
Challenges Related to Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, 61
Rising to the Challenges of the Coming Decade, 65
3 ADDRESSING SOCIETAL NEEDS
67
Impacts of Earth’s Near-Space Environment, 67
The Climate System, 67
Satellite Infrastructure, 68
Ionospheric Variability, Communication, and Navigation, 69
Radiation and Human Space Exploration, 69
Geomagnetic Effects on the Electric Power Grid, 70
Severe Solar Storms, 71
The Challenge of Predicting Space Weather Events, 71
4 RECOMMENDATIONS
75
Research Recommendations, 76
Baseline Priority for NASA and NSF: Complete the Current Program, 76
First Research Recommendation [R1.0], for NASA, NSF, and Other Agencies—
Implement the DRIVE Initiative, 77
NASA Mission Lines, 93
Second Research Recommendation [R2.0] for NASA—Accelerate and Expand
the Heliophysics Explorer Program, 94
Third Research Recommendation [R3.0] for NASA—Restructure Solar-Terrestrial
Probes as a Moderate-Scale, Principal-Investigator-led Line, 96
Fourth Research Recommendation [R4.0] for NASA—Implement a Large Living
With a Star Mission, 106
Applications Recommendations: Space Weather and Space Climatology, 109
First Applications Recommendation [A1.0]—Recharter the National Space
Weather Program, 111
Benefits of Research-to-Operations and Operations-to-Research Interplay, 112
Second Applications Recommendation [A2.0]—Work in a Multiagency
Partnership to Achieve Continuity of Solar and Solar Wind Observations, 112
Models and the Transition of Research to Operations, 113
5 NSF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
116
Ground-Based Observations, 116
Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, 117
Midscale Funding Line, 117
Candidates for a Midscale Line, 118
CubeSats, 120
Education, 120
Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society
xx
CONTENTS
Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, 44
Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, 51
Key Science Challenges, 55
Challenges Related to the Sun and Heliosphere, 55
Challenges Related to Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions, 57
Challenges Related to Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Interactions, 61
Rising to the Challenges of the Coming Decade, 65
3 ADDRESSING SOCIETAL NEEDS
67
Impacts of Earth’s Near-Space Environment, 67
The Climate System, 67
Satellite Infrastructure, 68
Ionospheric Variability, Communication, and Navigation, 69
Radiation and Human Space Exploration, 69
Geomagnetic Effects on the Electric Power Grid, 70
Severe Solar Storms, 71
The Challenge of Predicting Space Weather Events, 71
4 RECOMMENDATIONS
75
Research Recommendations, 76
Baseline Priority for NASA and NSF: Complete the Current Program, 76
First Research Recommendation [R1.0], for NASA, NSF, and Other Agencies—
Implement the DRIVE Initiative, 77
NASA Mission Lines, 93
Second Research Recommendation [R2.0] for NASA—Accelerate and Expand
the Heliophysics Explorer Program, 94
Third Research Recommendation [R3.0] for NASA—Restructure Solar-Terrestrial
Probes as a Moderate-Scale, Principal-Investigator-led Line, 96
Fourth Research Recommendation [R4.0] for NASA—Implement a Large Living
With a Star Mission, 106
Applications Recommendations: Space Weather and Space Climatology, 109
First Applications Recommendation [A1.0]—Recharter the National Space
Weather Program, 111
Benefits of Research-to-Operations and Operations-to-Research Interplay, 112
Second Applications Recommendation [A2.0]—Work in a Multiagency
Partnership to Achieve Continuity of Solar and Solar Wind Observations, 112
Models and the Transition of Research to Operations, 113
5 NSF PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
116
Ground-Based Observations, 116
Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, 117
Midscale Funding Line, 117
Candidates for a Midscale Line, 118
CubeSats, 120
Education, 120