Study of Middleware for IoHT and Their Applications
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nodes and also to enable it to self-configure itself based on remote commands,
and to analyze the received data so that the appropriate decision can be taken.
The proposed middleware [8] is used to classify the patients movements and
count their steps number. The required materials are 2 sensors with triaxial
accelerometer that should be placed on the knee and on belt, and a PDA or
a smart phone to acquire the collected data by the sensors and process the
classification. VIRTUS uses XMPP to know if the message is delivered to the
destination or not. Also, the use of XMPP allows to verify if the destination is
not connected when the message is received or not. This middleware is adaptable
to modules composition changes without the need to restart the system.
2.3 Web of Things-Based Middleware
Authors in [20] and [10] argue that Web of Thing-based middleware are suitable to ensure interoperability since all the devices can be abstracted as a web
resource.The ECOHelath middleware proposed in [10], connects doctors and
patients to ease the health monitoring system and offers more accurate patients
diagnosis. This middleware is based on the Web of Things (WoT) paradigm in
which the physical devices are digitalized to ensure the efficient use of their data
in different applications. In this middleware, there are body sensors that send
their related data through a web interface that is provided by a Visualization and
Management module. This interface helps doctors to track their patients’ status.
All the medical data are stored by the storage module in a relational database
with the possible support of cloud computing. The proposed middleware has
been applied to monitor the patients’ heartbeats and blood pressure. ECG sensors are used to measure the heartbeats and discover heart pathologies. Blood
pressure oscillometer sensor measures the arterial pressure. µWoTOP (micro
Web of Things Open Platform) [11] has the ability to integrate heterogeneous
biometric sensors. The data collection and notifications transmission are ensured
by gateways. This middleware relies on Web technologies such as Html, REST.
Its web of things strategy offered it the ability to be suitable at the same time
for many healthcare applications like: Fall detection for elderlies, faint detection,
abnormal behavior detection and freezing detector for Parkinson patients.
The main aim of the Sphere [12] middleware is to offer a flexible platform to
integrate different sensors types and ensure their cooperation to achieve a given
objective such as fall detection, Activity of Daily Living (ADL) recognition, and
behavior anomaly detection.
2.4 SOA Based Middleware
SOA-based middleware rely mainly on services that offer a public functionnality
through an interface while hiding their internal details. The main advantage of
these middleware is their ability to reuse multiple devices with ensuring their
communication as providers and requestors independently from any underlying architecture. Linksmart [14] is a SOA-based middleware that has proved
its ability to interoperate with various devices. This middleware is widely used
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nodes and also to enable it to self-configure itself based on remote commands,
and to analyze the received data so that the appropriate decision can be taken.
The proposed middleware [8] is used to classify the patients movements and
count their steps number. The required materials are 2 sensors with triaxial
accelerometer that should be placed on the knee and on belt, and a PDA or
a smart phone to acquire the collected data by the sensors and process the
classification. VIRTUS uses XMPP to know if the message is delivered to the
destination or not. Also, the use of XMPP allows to verify if the destination is
not connected when the message is received or not. This middleware is adaptable
to modules composition changes without the need to restart the system.
2.3 Web of Things-Based Middleware
Authors in [20] and [10] argue that Web of Thing-based middleware are suitable to ensure interoperability since all the devices can be abstracted as a web
resource.The ECOHelath middleware proposed in [10], connects doctors and
patients to ease the health monitoring system and offers more accurate patients
diagnosis. This middleware is based on the Web of Things (WoT) paradigm in
which the physical devices are digitalized to ensure the efficient use of their data
in different applications. In this middleware, there are body sensors that send
their related data through a web interface that is provided by a Visualization and
Management module. This interface helps doctors to track their patients’ status.
All the medical data are stored by the storage module in a relational database
with the possible support of cloud computing. The proposed middleware has
been applied to monitor the patients’ heartbeats and blood pressure. ECG sensors are used to measure the heartbeats and discover heart pathologies. Blood
pressure oscillometer sensor measures the arterial pressure. µWoTOP (micro
Web of Things Open Platform) [11] has the ability to integrate heterogeneous
biometric sensors. The data collection and notifications transmission are ensured
by gateways. This middleware relies on Web technologies such as Html, REST.
Its web of things strategy offered it the ability to be suitable at the same time
for many healthcare applications like: Fall detection for elderlies, faint detection,
abnormal behavior detection and freezing detector for Parkinson patients.
The main aim of the Sphere [12] middleware is to offer a flexible platform to
integrate different sensors types and ensure their cooperation to achieve a given
objective such as fall detection, Activity of Daily Living (ADL) recognition, and
behavior anomaly detection.
2.4 SOA Based Middleware
SOA-based middleware rely mainly on services that offer a public functionnality
through an interface while hiding their internal details. The main advantage of
these middleware is their ability to reuse multiple devices with ensuring their
communication as providers and requestors independently from any underlying architecture. Linksmart [14] is a SOA-based middleware that has proved
its ability to interoperate with various devices. This middleware is widely used