Svein Linge
Fac of Tech, Natural Sci & Maritime Sci
University of South-Eastern Norway
Porsgrunn, Norway
Hans Petter Langtangen
Simula Research Laboratory BioComp
Lysaker, Norway
ISSN 1611-0994
ISSN 2197-179X (electronic)
Texts in Computational Science and Engineering
ISBN 978-3-030-16876-6
ISBN 978-3-030-16877-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16877-3
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 26-01, 34A05, 34A30, 34A34, 39-01, 40-01, 65D15,
65D25, 65D30, 68-01, 68N01, 68N19, 68N30, 70-01, 92D25, 97-04, 97U50
This book is an open access publication.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020
Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation,
distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the
original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes
were made.
The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons
licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the
book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or
exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors
or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Fac of Tech, Natural Sci & Maritime Sci
University of South-Eastern Norway
Porsgrunn, Norway
Hans Petter Langtangen
Simula Research Laboratory BioComp
Lysaker, Norway
ISSN 1611-0994
ISSN 2197-179X (electronic)
Texts in Computational Science and Engineering
ISBN 978-3-030-16876-6
ISBN 978-3-030-16877-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16877-3
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 26-01, 34A05, 34A30, 34A34, 39-01, 40-01, 65D15,
65D25, 65D30, 68-01, 68N01, 68N19, 68N30, 70-01, 92D25, 97-04, 97U50
This book is an open access publication.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020
Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation,
distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the
original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes
were made.
The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons
licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the
book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or
exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors
or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland