Hypothesis Testing in Ecology
13
Boutin, S. 1992. Predation and moose population dynamics: A critique. Journal of Wildlife Management 56: 116–127.
Brown, J. H. 1995. Macroecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Carey, A. B., S. P. Horton, and B. L. Biswell. 1992. Northern spotted owls: Influence of
prey base and landscape character. Ecological Monographs 62: 223–250.
Carpenter, S. R. 1996. Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and
ecosystem ecology. Ecology 77: 677–680.
Chamberlin, T. C. 1897, reprinted 1965. The method of multiple working hypotheses. Science 148: 754–759.
DeAngelis, D. L. and L. J. Gross, eds. 1992. Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: Populations, communities, and ecosystems. New York: Chapman & Hall.
DeAngelis, D. L. and J. C. Waterhouse 1987. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in
ecological models. Ecological Monographs 57: 1–21.
Doncaster, C. P., T. Micol, and S. P. Jensen. 1996. Determining minimum habitat requirements in theory and practice. Oikos 75: 335–339.
Ehrlich, P. R. and A. H. Ehrlich. 1981. Extinction: The causes and consequences of the disappearance of species. New York: Random House.
Gasaway, W. C., R. D. Boertje, D. V. Grangaard, D. G. Kelleyhouse, R. O. Stephenson,
and D. G. Larsen. 1992. The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in
Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation. Wildlife Monographs 120: 1–59.
Kingsland, S. E. 1985. Modeling nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Krebs, C. J. 1994 (4th ed.). Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance.
New York: HarperCollins.
Krebs, C. J. 1995. Two paradigms of population regulation. Wildlife Research 22: 1–10.
Kuhn, T. 1970. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lande, R. 1988. Demographic models of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Oecologia 75: 601–607.
Lawton, J. 1991. Predictable plots. Nature 354: 444.
Lawton, J. 1996. Patterns in ecology. Oikos 75: 145–147.
Levins, R. 1966. The strategy of model building in population biology. American Scientist
54: 421–431.
MacArthur, R. and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press.
McIntosh, R. P. 1992. Whither ecology? Quarterly Review of Biology 67: 495–498.
Noss, R. F. 1996. Conservation biology, values, and advocacy. Conservation Biology 10: 904.
Oreskes, N., K. Shrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz. 1994. Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science 263: 641–646.
Peters, R. H. 1991. A critique for ecology. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Platt, J. R. 1964. Strong inference. Science 146: 347–353.
Popper, K. R. 1963. Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Raworth, D. A., S. McFarlane, N. Gilbert, and B. D. Frazer. 1984. Population dynamics of
13
Boutin, S. 1992. Predation and moose population dynamics: A critique. Journal of Wildlife Management 56: 116–127.
Brown, J. H. 1995. Macroecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Carey, A. B., S. P. Horton, and B. L. Biswell. 1992. Northern spotted owls: Influence of
prey base and landscape character. Ecological Monographs 62: 223–250.
Carpenter, S. R. 1996. Microcosm experiments have limited relevance for community and
ecosystem ecology. Ecology 77: 677–680.
Chamberlin, T. C. 1897, reprinted 1965. The method of multiple working hypotheses. Science 148: 754–759.
DeAngelis, D. L. and L. J. Gross, eds. 1992. Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: Populations, communities, and ecosystems. New York: Chapman & Hall.
DeAngelis, D. L. and J. C. Waterhouse 1987. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in
ecological models. Ecological Monographs 57: 1–21.
Doncaster, C. P., T. Micol, and S. P. Jensen. 1996. Determining minimum habitat requirements in theory and practice. Oikos 75: 335–339.
Ehrlich, P. R. and A. H. Ehrlich. 1981. Extinction: The causes and consequences of the disappearance of species. New York: Random House.
Gasaway, W. C., R. D. Boertje, D. V. Grangaard, D. G. Kelleyhouse, R. O. Stephenson,
and D. G. Larsen. 1992. The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in
Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation. Wildlife Monographs 120: 1–59.
Kingsland, S. E. 1985. Modeling nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Krebs, C. J. 1994 (4th ed.). Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance.
New York: HarperCollins.
Krebs, C. J. 1995. Two paradigms of population regulation. Wildlife Research 22: 1–10.
Kuhn, T. 1970. The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lande, R. 1988. Demographic models of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Oecologia 75: 601–607.
Lawton, J. 1991. Predictable plots. Nature 354: 444.
Lawton, J. 1996. Patterns in ecology. Oikos 75: 145–147.
Levins, R. 1966. The strategy of model building in population biology. American Scientist
54: 421–431.
MacArthur, R. and E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press.
McIntosh, R. P. 1992. Whither ecology? Quarterly Review of Biology 67: 495–498.
Noss, R. F. 1996. Conservation biology, values, and advocacy. Conservation Biology 10: 904.
Oreskes, N., K. Shrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz. 1994. Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science 263: 641–646.
Peters, R. H. 1991. A critique for ecology. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Platt, J. R. 1964. Strong inference. Science 146: 347–353.
Popper, K. R. 1963. Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Raworth, D. A., S. McFarlane, N. Gilbert, and B. D. Frazer. 1984. Population dynamics of