386
M A C D O N A L D , S T E WA RT, S T O P K A , A N D YA M A G U C H I
Packer, C. and T. Caro. 1997. Foraging costs in social carnivores. Animal Behaviour 54:
1317–1324.
Pearl, M. C. and S. R. Schulman. 1983. Techniques for the analysis of social structure in
animal societies. Advances in the Study of Behavior 13: 107–146.
Plesner Jensen, S. 1993. Temporal changes in food preferences of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus L.). Oecologia 94: 76–82.
Pollock, G. B. 1994. Social competition or correlated strategy? Evolutionary Ecology 8:
221–229.
Poysa, H. 1991. Measuring time budgets with instantaneous sampling: A cautionary note.
Animal Behaviour 42: 317–318.
Quera, V. 1990. A generalised technique to estimate frequency and duration in time sampling. Behavioral Assessment 12: 409–424.
Roberts, B. A. 1992. Sequential data in biological experiments. An introduction for research
workers. London: Chapman & Hall.
Rogers, L. M., C. L. Chesseman, and S. Langton. 1997. Body weight as an indication of
density-dependent population regulation in badgers (Meles meles) at Woodchester Park,
Gloucestershire. Journal of Zoology 242: 597–604.
Romanes, G. J. 1881. Nature, Oct. 27, 604.
Roper, T. J. 1992. Badger (Meles meles) sett architecture, internal environment and function. Mammal Review 22: 43–53.
Rowell, T. E. and C. A. Rowell. 1993. The social organization of feral Ovis aries ram groups
in the pre-rut period. Ethology 95: 213–232.
Rubenstein, D. I. 1993. The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses.
Physiology and Ecology Japan 29: 13–28.
Schino, G., F. Aureli, and A. Troisi. 1988. Equivalence between measures of allogrooming:
an empirical-comparison in 3 species of macaques. Folia Primatologica 51: 214–219.
Schleidt, W. M., G. Yakalis, M. Donnelly, and J. McGarry. 1984. A proposal for a standard
ethogram, exemplified by an ethogram of the bluebreasted quail (Coturnix chinensis).
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 64: 193–220.
Seyfarth, R. M. 1983. Grooming and social competition in primates. In R. A. Hinde, ed.,
Primate social relationships, 182–190. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific.
Sharman, M. and R. I. M. Dunbar. 1982. Observer bias in selection of study group in
baboon field studies. Primates 23: 567–573.
Shrader-Frachette, K. S. and E. D. McCoy. 1992. Statistics, costs and rationality in ecological inference. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 96–99.
Sibley, R. M., H. M. R. Nott, and D. J. Fletcher. 1990. Splitting behaviour into bouts.
Animal Behaviour 39: 63–69.
Sillero-Zubiri, C., P. J. Johnson, and D. W. Macdonald. 1998. A hypothesis for breeding
synchrony in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) Journal of Mammalogy 79: 853–858.
Smuts, B. 1985. Sex and friendship in baboons. New York: Aldine.
Stevenson-Hinde, J. 1983. individual characteristics and the social situation. In R. A.
Hinde, ed., Primate social relationships, 28–35. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific.
M A C D O N A L D , S T E WA RT, S T O P K A , A N D YA M A G U C H I
Packer, C. and T. Caro. 1997. Foraging costs in social carnivores. Animal Behaviour 54:
1317–1324.
Pearl, M. C. and S. R. Schulman. 1983. Techniques for the analysis of social structure in
animal societies. Advances in the Study of Behavior 13: 107–146.
Plesner Jensen, S. 1993. Temporal changes in food preferences of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus L.). Oecologia 94: 76–82.
Pollock, G. B. 1994. Social competition or correlated strategy? Evolutionary Ecology 8:
221–229.
Poysa, H. 1991. Measuring time budgets with instantaneous sampling: A cautionary note.
Animal Behaviour 42: 317–318.
Quera, V. 1990. A generalised technique to estimate frequency and duration in time sampling. Behavioral Assessment 12: 409–424.
Roberts, B. A. 1992. Sequential data in biological experiments. An introduction for research
workers. London: Chapman & Hall.
Rogers, L. M., C. L. Chesseman, and S. Langton. 1997. Body weight as an indication of
density-dependent population regulation in badgers (Meles meles) at Woodchester Park,
Gloucestershire. Journal of Zoology 242: 597–604.
Romanes, G. J. 1881. Nature, Oct. 27, 604.
Roper, T. J. 1992. Badger (Meles meles) sett architecture, internal environment and function. Mammal Review 22: 43–53.
Rowell, T. E. and C. A. Rowell. 1993. The social organization of feral Ovis aries ram groups
in the pre-rut period. Ethology 95: 213–232.
Rubenstein, D. I. 1993. The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses.
Physiology and Ecology Japan 29: 13–28.
Schino, G., F. Aureli, and A. Troisi. 1988. Equivalence between measures of allogrooming:
an empirical-comparison in 3 species of macaques. Folia Primatologica 51: 214–219.
Schleidt, W. M., G. Yakalis, M. Donnelly, and J. McGarry. 1984. A proposal for a standard
ethogram, exemplified by an ethogram of the bluebreasted quail (Coturnix chinensis).
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 64: 193–220.
Seyfarth, R. M. 1983. Grooming and social competition in primates. In R. A. Hinde, ed.,
Primate social relationships, 182–190. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific.
Sharman, M. and R. I. M. Dunbar. 1982. Observer bias in selection of study group in
baboon field studies. Primates 23: 567–573.
Shrader-Frachette, K. S. and E. D. McCoy. 1992. Statistics, costs and rationality in ecological inference. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 96–99.
Sibley, R. M., H. M. R. Nott, and D. J. Fletcher. 1990. Splitting behaviour into bouts.
Animal Behaviour 39: 63–69.
Sillero-Zubiri, C., P. J. Johnson, and D. W. Macdonald. 1998. A hypothesis for breeding
synchrony in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) Journal of Mammalogy 79: 853–858.
Smuts, B. 1985. Sex and friendship in baboons. New York: Aldine.
Stevenson-Hinde, J. 1983. individual characteristics and the social situation. In R. A.
Hinde, ed., Primate social relationships, 28–35. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Scientific.