Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.edu
Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads
http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11535.html
Contents
xxvii
6-3 Diagram of committee’s proposed framework for a rapid
assessment method, 195
6-4 A suite of indicators across scales is being adopted by the U.S.
Department of Defense’s Strategic Environmental
Management Project, 198
TABLES
2-1 Functional System Changes, 1990-2000, 43
2-2 Interstate Highway System—Key Statistics, 45
2-3 National Highway System Mileage and Travel in Rural and
Urban Areas, 47
2-4 Ownership of U.S. Roads and Streets, 55
2-5 Level-of-Service Chart for Major State Highways in New
Hampshire Based on 2002 Traffic Data, 56
2-6 Conditions of Highway Bridges, 59
2-7 Backlog of Bridge Investment Needs, 60
3-1 Comparison of Ecosystem Goods and Services and Ecosystem
Structures and Processes Affected by Roads, 64
3-2 Summary of Number of Studies Addressing Different Types of
Road Effects on Ecological Conditions, 68
3-3 Examples of the Extent to Which Road-Induced Effects
Penetrate Adjacent Habitat, 88
5-1 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Ecosystems and
Components of Ecosystems with Regard to Roads, 154
5-2 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Groups of
Organisms (Species and Populations) with Regard to Roads,
156
5-3 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Different
Ecosystem Types with Regard to Roads, 158
5-4 Ecological Scale at Which Legislation Is Applied, 160
5-5 Political Scale at Which Environmental Legislation, Program,
or Executive Orders Are Applied, 164
This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.edu
Assessing and Managing the Ecological Impacts of Paved Roads
http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11535.html
Contents
xxvii
6-3 Diagram of committee’s proposed framework for a rapid
assessment method, 195
6-4 A suite of indicators across scales is being adopted by the U.S.
Department of Defense’s Strategic Environmental
Management Project, 198
TABLES
2-1 Functional System Changes, 1990-2000, 43
2-2 Interstate Highway System—Key Statistics, 45
2-3 National Highway System Mileage and Travel in Rural and
Urban Areas, 47
2-4 Ownership of U.S. Roads and Streets, 55
2-5 Level-of-Service Chart for Major State Highways in New
Hampshire Based on 2002 Traffic Data, 56
2-6 Conditions of Highway Bridges, 59
2-7 Backlog of Bridge Investment Needs, 60
3-1 Comparison of Ecosystem Goods and Services and Ecosystem
Structures and Processes Affected by Roads, 64
3-2 Summary of Number of Studies Addressing Different Types of
Road Effects on Ecological Conditions, 68
3-3 Examples of the Extent to Which Road-Induced Effects
Penetrate Adjacent Habitat, 88
5-1 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Ecosystems and
Components of Ecosystems with Regard to Roads, 154
5-2 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Groups of
Organisms (Species and Populations) with Regard to Roads,
156
5-3 Types of Considerations Required by Environmental Laws,
Programs, and Executive Orders That Address Different
Ecosystem Types with Regard to Roads, 158
5-4 Ecological Scale at Which Legislation Is Applied, 160
5-5 Political Scale at Which Environmental Legislation, Program,
or Executive Orders Are Applied, 164