Table 29.4 Removal of radioactive cesium (rad-Cs) from samples 8–12
Sample
code
Fer
concentration
(mM)
pH
Metal
added
Concentration of
added metal
(mM)
Cs-137
removal
(%)
Nominal oxalic
acid concentration
(M)
a
Fly ash K
8
0.1
3
Fe(III) 1.8
100
0
3
Fe(III) 0.4
100
3
Fe(II) 1.8
93
5
Ni
0.2
100
3,
5, 7,
9
Zn
0.1–1
0
Fly ash N
9
0.1
5
None
0
23
0
3
Fe(III) 1.8
52
3
Fe(II)
b
1.8
100
5
Fe(II) 1.8
91
5
Ni
0.1
58
5
Ni
0.2
62
5
Zn
0.1
0
5
Zn
0.4
26
5
Z n
1
3
Fly ash CM (water extract)
10
0.1
0.1
2.2
None
92
0
5
Nickel ferrocyanide
96
Fly ash CM (0.1 M oxalic acid extract)
11
0.1
3
None
0
36
0.05
0.3
3
None
0
96
0.1
5
Cupper ferrocyanide
82
0.1
5
Nickel ferrocyanide
93
0.2
5
Nickel ferrocyanide
100
Fly ash CI (0.1 M or 0.5 M oxalic acid extract)
12
0.3
3
Ni
0.6
69
0.05
0.3
5
Ni
0.6
80
0.05
0.1
3
None
0
69
0.25
0.1
5
None
0
62
0.25
a
In actual waste extracts, oxalic acid is consumed by calcium present in the wastes, and hence
actual oxalic acid concentrations are lower. The concentration listed in this table is nominal
concentration, not considering the consumption of oxalic acid
b
Removal of metals: Fe 99 %, Cu 60 %, Zn 0 %
29 Volume Reduction of Municipal Solid Wastes Contaminated with Radioactive. . .
339