Table 29.1 Waste materials used and the extraction procedure
Sample
code
Waste material
a
Extraction procedure
Tracer
added
Heavy meal concentration of the extract (mmol/l)
Al
Fe
Mn
Cu
Zn
Ni
1
Fly ash H (sewage sludge,
scrubber wastewater of melting
furnace)
Centrifugation or membrane filtration
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.0
2
Fly ash M (sewage sludge, melting furnace)
Distilled water extraction for 1 h (3 g dry
weight/30 ml)
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
11
0.0
3
Sludge R (drinking water treatment sludge)
1 M oxalic acid extraction at 90
C (10 g
dry weight waste/25 ml)
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
216.7 32.6
3.8
0.1
0.2
0.1
4
Fly ash O (incinerated sewage
sludge)
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
350.4 52.6
3.8
0.8
9.9
0.0
5
Fly ash KO (incinerated sewage
sludge)
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
469.5 336.7
19.6
3.9
11.4
0.1
6
Fly ash NA (incinerated sewage
sludge)
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
422.9 52.6
3.4
1.7
9.6
0.1
7
Fly ash CL (industrial waste,
scrubber wastewater of melting
furnace)
Centrifugation or membrane filtration
Stable
cesium
100
μg/l
129.4 2.4
0.1
0.0
956.2 0.0
8
Fly ash K
b,c
(municipal waste,
melting furnace)
Distilled water extraction for 4 h (3 g dry
weight/30 ml) and filtration with membrane filter
None
e
0.3
<10
À3
<10
À3
<10
À3
0.002 NA
f
9
Fly ash N
b,d
(municipal waste,
incinerator)
None
e
0.0
<10
À3
0.016
0.004
1.3
NA
10
Fly ash CM
Distilled water extraction for 1 h (10 g dry
weight waste/25 ml)
None
e
NA
f
NA
NA
f
0.2
4.3
NA
f
(continued)
29 Volume Reduction of Municipal Solid Wastes Contaminated with Radioactive. . .
335