76
But beside the sellers and buyers, business and consumers, policy makers are
keen to push labels as a prominent tool of environmental and, consumer policy. The
example of the European Commission highlights labelling issues in its SCP/SIP
Action plan (European Commission 2008 ) and argues for a broad getting-theinformation- right-strategy (European Commission 2013a ). The outcome of this
process − product environmental footprint − is still early in the pilot phase (PEF
2015 ). But we might expect an instructive − but controversial − outcome of this process and a ripening of these efforts resulting in an encompassing right to know and
duty to inform policy strategy. Therefore, it is up to responsible life cycle management to proactively shape the future.
References
Darby MR, Karni B (1973) Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. J Law Econ
16:67–88
European Commission (2008) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament,
the council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions
on the Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0397 . Accessed 8 Mar 2015
European Commission (2013a) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament
and the council building the single market for green products – facilitating better information
on the environmental performance of products and organisations. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/
legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0196&from=EN . Accessed 8 Mar 2015
European Commission (2013b) Commission recommendation of 9 April 2013 on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:320
13H0179&from=EN . Accessed 5 Mar 2015
Fang K, Heijungs R, de Snoo G (2014) Theoretical exploration for the combination of the ecological,
energy, carbon, and water footprints: overview of a footprint family. Ecol Indic 36:508–518
Finkbeiner M (2014) Product environmental footprint – breakthrough or breakdown for policy
implementation of life cycle assessment? Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:266–271
GEN [Global Ecolabelling Network] (2004) Introduction to ecolabelling. http://www.globalecolabelling.net/docs/documents/intro_to_ecolabelling.pdf . Accessed 9 Mar 2015
ISO (1999) ISO 14021. Environmental labels and declarations – self-declared environmental
claims (Type II environmental labelling). International Organization for Standardization,
Geneva
ISO (2000) ISO 14020. Environmental labels and declarations – general principles. International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva
ISO (2006) ISO 14025. Environmental labels and declarations – type III environmental declarations – principles and procedures. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
Karl H, Orwat C (1999) Economic aspects of environmental labelling. In: Folmer H, Tietenberg T
(eds) The international yearbook of environmental and resource economics 1999/2000. Edward
Elgar Publishing
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
F. Rubik
But beside the sellers and buyers, business and consumers, policy makers are
keen to push labels as a prominent tool of environmental and, consumer policy. The
example of the European Commission highlights labelling issues in its SCP/SIP
Action plan (European Commission 2008 ) and argues for a broad getting-theinformation- right-strategy (European Commission 2013a ). The outcome of this
process − product environmental footprint − is still early in the pilot phase (PEF
2015 ). But we might expect an instructive − but controversial − outcome of this process and a ripening of these efforts resulting in an encompassing right to know and
duty to inform policy strategy. Therefore, it is up to responsible life cycle management to proactively shape the future.
References
Darby MR, Karni B (1973) Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. J Law Econ
16:67–88
European Commission (2008) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament,
the council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions
on the Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan.
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0397 . Accessed 8 Mar 2015
European Commission (2013a) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament
and the council building the single market for green products – facilitating better information
on the environmental performance of products and organisations. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/
legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0196&from=EN . Accessed 8 Mar 2015
European Commission (2013b) Commission recommendation of 9 April 2013 on the use of common methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:320
13H0179&from=EN . Accessed 5 Mar 2015
Fang K, Heijungs R, de Snoo G (2014) Theoretical exploration for the combination of the ecological,
energy, carbon, and water footprints: overview of a footprint family. Ecol Indic 36:508–518
Finkbeiner M (2014) Product environmental footprint – breakthrough or breakdown for policy
implementation of life cycle assessment? Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:266–271
GEN [Global Ecolabelling Network] (2004) Introduction to ecolabelling. http://www.globalecolabelling.net/docs/documents/intro_to_ecolabelling.pdf . Accessed 9 Mar 2015
ISO (1999) ISO 14021. Environmental labels and declarations – self-declared environmental
claims (Type II environmental labelling). International Organization for Standardization,
Geneva
ISO (2000) ISO 14020. Environmental labels and declarations – general principles. International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva
ISO (2006) ISO 14025. Environmental labels and declarations – type III environmental declarations – principles and procedures. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
Karl H, Orwat C (1999) Economic aspects of environmental labelling. In: Folmer H, Tietenberg T
(eds) The international yearbook of environmental and resource economics 1999/2000. Edward
Elgar Publishing
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
F. Rubik