305
Itten R, Frischknecht R, Stucki M (2014) Life cycle inventories of electricity mixes and grid version 1.3. http://www.esu-services.ch/fi leadmin/download/publicLCI/itten-2012-electricitymix.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Kahrl F, Wang X (2014) Integrating renewables into power systems in China: a technical primer –
power system operations. Regulatory Assistance Project, Beijing. www.raponline.org/document/download/id/7459 . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Laurent A, Espinosa N (2015) Environmental impacts of electricity generation at global, regional
and national scales in 1980–2011: what can we learn for future energy planning? Energy
Environ Sci 8:689-701
Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Christensen P, Schmidt JH (2010) Energy system analysis of marginal
electricity supply in consequential LCA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:260–271
Masanet E, Chang Y, Gopal AR et al (2013) Life-cycle assessment of electric power systems. Annu
Rev Environ Resour 38:107–136
Mathiesen BV, Münster M, Fruergaard T (2009) Uncertainties related to the identifi cation of the
marginal energy technology in consequential life cycle assessments. J Clean Prod
17:1331–1338
Menten F, Tchung-Ming S, Lorne D, Bouvart F (2015) Lessons from the use of a long-term energy
model for consequential life cycle assessment: the BTL case. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
43:942–960
Messagie M, Mertens J, Oliveira L et al (2014) The hourly life cycle carbon footprint of electricity
generation in Belgium, bringing a temporal resolution in life cycle assessment. Appl Energy
134:469–476
Miller SA, Keoleian GA (2015) Framework for analyzing transformative technologies in life cycle
assessment. Environ Sci Technol 49(5):3067-75 doi: 10.1021/es505217a
Moreau V, Bage G, Marcotte D, Samson R (2012) Estimating material and energy fl ows in life
cycle inventory with statistical models. J Ind Ecol 16:399–406
Muller S, Lesage P, Ciroth A et al (2014) The application of the pedigree approach to the distributions foreseen in ecoinvent v3. Int J Life Cycle Assess. doi: 10.1007/s11367-014-0759-5
Pehnt M, Oeser M, Swider D (2008) Consequential environmental system analysis of expected
offshore wind electricity production in Germany. Energy 33:747–759
Pfenninger S, Hawkes A, Keirstead J (2014) Energy systems modeling for twenty-fi rst century
energy challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 33:74–86
Remmen A, Astrup-Jensen A, Frydendal J (2007) Life cycle management. A business guide to
sustainability.
UNEP.
http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx0889xPALifeCycleManagement.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Sandén BA, Karlström M (2007) Positive and negative feedback in consequential life-cycle assessment. J Clean Prod 15:1469–1481
Schmidt JH, Thrane M, Merciai S, Dalgaard R (2011) Inventory of country specifi c electricity in
LCA – consequential and attributional scenarios. Methodology report v2. 2.-0 LCA
consultants, Aalborg. http://lca-net.com/fi les/Inventory_of_country_specifi c_electricity_in_
LCA_Methodology_report_20110909.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Soimakallio S, Kiviluoma J, Saikku L (2011) The complexity and challenges of determining GHG
(greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life
cycle assessment) – a methodological review. Energy 36:6705–6713
Steinmann ZJN, Hauck M, Karuppiah R et al (2014a) A methodology for separating uncertainty
and variability in the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of coal-fueled power generation in
the USA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:1146–1155
Steinmann ZJN, Venkatesh A, Hauck M et al (2014b) How to address data gaps in life cycle inventories: a case study on estimating CO 2 emissions from coal-fi red electricity plants on a global
scale. Environ Sci Technol 48:5282–5289
Treyer K, Bauer C (2013) Life cycle inventories of electricity generation and power supply in
version 3 of the ecoinvent database – part I: electricity generation. Int J Life Cycle Assess,
doi: 10.1007/s11367-013-0665-2
21 Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Life Cycle Management…
Itten R, Frischknecht R, Stucki M (2014) Life cycle inventories of electricity mixes and grid version 1.3. http://www.esu-services.ch/fi leadmin/download/publicLCI/itten-2012-electricitymix.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Kahrl F, Wang X (2014) Integrating renewables into power systems in China: a technical primer –
power system operations. Regulatory Assistance Project, Beijing. www.raponline.org/document/download/id/7459 . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Laurent A, Espinosa N (2015) Environmental impacts of electricity generation at global, regional
and national scales in 1980–2011: what can we learn for future energy planning? Energy
Environ Sci 8:689-701
Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Christensen P, Schmidt JH (2010) Energy system analysis of marginal
electricity supply in consequential LCA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:260–271
Masanet E, Chang Y, Gopal AR et al (2013) Life-cycle assessment of electric power systems. Annu
Rev Environ Resour 38:107–136
Mathiesen BV, Münster M, Fruergaard T (2009) Uncertainties related to the identifi cation of the
marginal energy technology in consequential life cycle assessments. J Clean Prod
17:1331–1338
Menten F, Tchung-Ming S, Lorne D, Bouvart F (2015) Lessons from the use of a long-term energy
model for consequential life cycle assessment: the BTL case. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
43:942–960
Messagie M, Mertens J, Oliveira L et al (2014) The hourly life cycle carbon footprint of electricity
generation in Belgium, bringing a temporal resolution in life cycle assessment. Appl Energy
134:469–476
Miller SA, Keoleian GA (2015) Framework for analyzing transformative technologies in life cycle
assessment. Environ Sci Technol 49(5):3067-75 doi: 10.1021/es505217a
Moreau V, Bage G, Marcotte D, Samson R (2012) Estimating material and energy fl ows in life
cycle inventory with statistical models. J Ind Ecol 16:399–406
Muller S, Lesage P, Ciroth A et al (2014) The application of the pedigree approach to the distributions foreseen in ecoinvent v3. Int J Life Cycle Assess. doi: 10.1007/s11367-014-0759-5
Pehnt M, Oeser M, Swider D (2008) Consequential environmental system analysis of expected
offshore wind electricity production in Germany. Energy 33:747–759
Pfenninger S, Hawkes A, Keirstead J (2014) Energy systems modeling for twenty-fi rst century
energy challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 33:74–86
Remmen A, Astrup-Jensen A, Frydendal J (2007) Life cycle management. A business guide to
sustainability.
UNEP.
http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx0889xPALifeCycleManagement.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Sandén BA, Karlström M (2007) Positive and negative feedback in consequential life-cycle assessment. J Clean Prod 15:1469–1481
Schmidt JH, Thrane M, Merciai S, Dalgaard R (2011) Inventory of country specifi c electricity in
LCA – consequential and attributional scenarios. Methodology report v2. 2.-0 LCA
consultants, Aalborg. http://lca-net.com/fi les/Inventory_of_country_specifi c_electricity_in_
LCA_Methodology_report_20110909.pdf . Accessed 24 Feb 2015
Soimakallio S, Kiviluoma J, Saikku L (2011) The complexity and challenges of determining GHG
(greenhouse gas) emissions from grid electricity consumption and conservation in LCA (life
cycle assessment) – a methodological review. Energy 36:6705–6713
Steinmann ZJN, Hauck M, Karuppiah R et al (2014a) A methodology for separating uncertainty
and variability in the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of coal-fueled power generation in
the USA. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:1146–1155
Steinmann ZJN, Venkatesh A, Hauck M et al (2014b) How to address data gaps in life cycle inventories: a case study on estimating CO 2 emissions from coal-fi red electricity plants on a global
scale. Environ Sci Technol 48:5282–5289
Treyer K, Bauer C (2013) Life cycle inventories of electricity generation and power supply in
version 3 of the ecoinvent database – part I: electricity generation. Int J Life Cycle Assess,
doi: 10.1007/s11367-013-0665-2
21 Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Life Cycle Management…