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• Changes in the available household resources income, time, and space, as well as
further constraints to consumption, particularly food calories uptake capacity,
drink intake capacity, skills and information availability, and access to products
• Use of the freed household resources (or restrictions in case of reduced household
resources)
• Cross category effects
• Mental secondary consequences
The above listed secondary consequences cause additional or reduced consumption.
Beyond these, other secondary consequences occur on local, regional, national
or international scales that are not addressed in this chapter.
In three additional sub-sections the authors look briefly into higher order consequences due to economic transactions, present a new measure of the environmental
life cycle performance of products from consumption perspective and reflect on
possible harm due to needs over-fulfilment.
2.2 Changes in Available Household Resources
and Consumption Constraints
The following household resources have been considered for studies on sustainable
consumption (compiled from Becker 1976; Eyerer and Wolf 2000; Hofstetter et al.
2006) Weidema 2008; Girod et al. 2010, with own additions and examples):
• Available income
4
• Time
• Space (volume, area)
Moreover the following elements, which are better understood as constraints to
consumption, are to be considered (Hofstetter et al. 2006):
• Food calories uptake capability
• Drink intake capability
• Skills and information
• Access to products and technologies
2.2.1 Available Income
Changes in available income – always a decrease – occur with any purchase
decision, while decisions during use (e.g. more efficient use, shared use) and when
selling a used product, the available income can increase compared to the default
case. This additionally available income allows for additional consumption.
4 Income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of
earnings received… in a given period of time. (Case et al. 2014)
M.-A. Wolf and K. Chomkhamsri
• Changes in the available household resources income, time, and space, as well as
further constraints to consumption, particularly food calories uptake capacity,
drink intake capacity, skills and information availability, and access to products
• Use of the freed household resources (or restrictions in case of reduced household
resources)
• Cross category effects
• Mental secondary consequences
The above listed secondary consequences cause additional or reduced consumption.
Beyond these, other secondary consequences occur on local, regional, national
or international scales that are not addressed in this chapter.
In three additional sub-sections the authors look briefly into higher order consequences due to economic transactions, present a new measure of the environmental
life cycle performance of products from consumption perspective and reflect on
possible harm due to needs over-fulfilment.
2.2 Changes in Available Household Resources
and Consumption Constraints
The following household resources have been considered for studies on sustainable
consumption (compiled from Becker 1976; Eyerer and Wolf 2000; Hofstetter et al.
2006) Weidema 2008; Girod et al. 2010, with own additions and examples):
• Available income
4
• Time
• Space (volume, area)
Moreover the following elements, which are better understood as constraints to
consumption, are to be considered (Hofstetter et al. 2006):
• Food calories uptake capability
• Drink intake capability
• Skills and information
• Access to products and technologies
2.2.1 Available Income
Changes in available income – always a decrease – occur with any purchase
decision, while decisions during use (e.g. more efficient use, shared use) and when
selling a used product, the available income can increase compared to the default
case. This additionally available income allows for additional consumption.
4 Income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interests payments, rents and other forms of
earnings received… in a given period of time. (Case et al. 2014)
M.-A. Wolf and K. Chomkhamsri