spatial diversity and small patches of different forest development phases also
have to be promoted. Although the climate-induced spreading of European beech
into the ridge areas of the BR may threaten the typical species composition of the
acidophilous Picea forests of the montane zone (9410), the positive effects of an
active management in favour of spruce and supplementary intermixed montane
species could quickly be offset by disturbances.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
References
Araujo, M., Alagador, D., Cabeza, M., Nogues-Bravo, D., & Thuiller, D. (2011). Climate change
threatens European conservation areas. Ecology Letters, 14, 484–492. doi:10.1111/j.14610248.2011.01610.x.
Bolte, A., Eisenhauer, D. R., Ehrhart, H. P., et al. (2009). Klimawandel und Forstwirtschaft –
U ¨ bereinstimmungen und Unterschiede bei der Einscha ¨tzung der Anpassungsnotwendigkeiten
und Anpassungsstrategien der Bundesla ¨nder. Landbauforschung – vTI Agriculture and
Forestry Research, 4(59), 269–278.
Box, E. O. (1981). Macroclimate and plant forms: An introduction to predictive modelling in
phytogeography (Tasks for vegetation science). Boston/London/The Hague: Dr. W. Junk
Publishers.
Burkhardt, R., Robisch, F., & Schro ¨der, E. (2004). Umsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie im Wald.
Gemeinsame bundesweite Empfehlungen der La ¨nderarbeitsgemeinschaft Naturschutz
(LANA) und der Forstchefkonferenz (FCK). Natur und Landschaft, 7(79), 316–323.
Clasen, C., Frischbier, N., & Zehner, T. (2008). Ursachenanalyse zum Schadausmaß des Sturmes
“Kyrill” in Thu ¨ringen. AFZ-DerWald, 14, 746–748.
European Commission. (2003). Interpretation manual of European Union habitats. Bru ¨ssel:
European Commission, DG XI-Environment.
Falk, W., & Mellert, K. H. (2011). Species distribution models as a tool for forest management
planning under climate change: Risk evaluation of Abies alba in Bavaria. Journal of
Vegetation Science, 22, 621–634. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01294.x.
Frischbier, N., & Profft, I. (2011). Habit-change report 3.2.4 – Report and maps with potential
forest habitat changes, Gotha.
Gartner, K., Englisch, M., & Leitgeb, E. (2011). Effects of climate change on the vulnerability of
Norway spruce stands – Soil hydrological constraints for forest management in Austria’s
lowlands. In M. Bredemeier et al. (Eds.), Forest management and the water cycle: An
ecosystem-based approach (Ecological studies, Vol. 212, pp. 127–140). Dordrecht/Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9834-4_7.
German Commission for UNESCO. (2011). Dresden Declaration on biosphere reserves
and climate change. Conference on the 40th anniversary of UNESCO’s MAB programme,
Dresden/Germany.
Harley, M. (2011). Climate change and the Natura2000 network: Assessments of species and
habitat vulnerability. European conference on biodiversity and climate change, Bonn.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1957). Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative
Biology, 22, 415–427.
IPCC. (2000). IPCC special report: Emissions scenarios – Summary for policymakers. A special
report of IPCC Working Group III, Geneva/Switzerland.
256
N. Frischbier et al.
have to be promoted. Although the climate-induced spreading of European beech
into the ridge areas of the BR may threaten the typical species composition of the
acidophilous Picea forests of the montane zone (9410), the positive effects of an
active management in favour of spruce and supplementary intermixed montane
species could quickly be offset by disturbances.
Open Access This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
References
Araujo, M., Alagador, D., Cabeza, M., Nogues-Bravo, D., & Thuiller, D. (2011). Climate change
threatens European conservation areas. Ecology Letters, 14, 484–492. doi:10.1111/j.14610248.2011.01610.x.
Bolte, A., Eisenhauer, D. R., Ehrhart, H. P., et al. (2009). Klimawandel und Forstwirtschaft –
U ¨ bereinstimmungen und Unterschiede bei der Einscha ¨tzung der Anpassungsnotwendigkeiten
und Anpassungsstrategien der Bundesla ¨nder. Landbauforschung – vTI Agriculture and
Forestry Research, 4(59), 269–278.
Box, E. O. (1981). Macroclimate and plant forms: An introduction to predictive modelling in
phytogeography (Tasks for vegetation science). Boston/London/The Hague: Dr. W. Junk
Publishers.
Burkhardt, R., Robisch, F., & Schro ¨der, E. (2004). Umsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie im Wald.
Gemeinsame bundesweite Empfehlungen der La ¨nderarbeitsgemeinschaft Naturschutz
(LANA) und der Forstchefkonferenz (FCK). Natur und Landschaft, 7(79), 316–323.
Clasen, C., Frischbier, N., & Zehner, T. (2008). Ursachenanalyse zum Schadausmaß des Sturmes
“Kyrill” in Thu ¨ringen. AFZ-DerWald, 14, 746–748.
European Commission. (2003). Interpretation manual of European Union habitats. Bru ¨ssel:
European Commission, DG XI-Environment.
Falk, W., & Mellert, K. H. (2011). Species distribution models as a tool for forest management
planning under climate change: Risk evaluation of Abies alba in Bavaria. Journal of
Vegetation Science, 22, 621–634. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01294.x.
Frischbier, N., & Profft, I. (2011). Habit-change report 3.2.4 – Report and maps with potential
forest habitat changes, Gotha.
Gartner, K., Englisch, M., & Leitgeb, E. (2011). Effects of climate change on the vulnerability of
Norway spruce stands – Soil hydrological constraints for forest management in Austria’s
lowlands. In M. Bredemeier et al. (Eds.), Forest management and the water cycle: An
ecosystem-based approach (Ecological studies, Vol. 212, pp. 127–140). Dordrecht/Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9834-4_7.
German Commission for UNESCO. (2011). Dresden Declaration on biosphere reserves
and climate change. Conference on the 40th anniversary of UNESCO’s MAB programme,
Dresden/Germany.
Harley, M. (2011). Climate change and the Natura2000 network: Assessments of species and
habitat vulnerability. European conference on biodiversity and climate change, Bonn.
Hutchinson, G. E. (1957). Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative
Biology, 22, 415–427.
IPCC. (2000). IPCC special report: Emissions scenarios – Summary for policymakers. A special
report of IPCC Working Group III, Geneva/Switzerland.
256
N. Frischbier et al.