This framework helps to identify the response options available to managers of
protected areas on a local or regional level but also emphasises the need for
cooperation with stakeholders and scientists. It is applicable in all protected areas
across Europe and other continents. However, this approach needs an adequate
budget, as well as time and expertise. Without additional financial means that have
to be provided to protected areas the adaptation of conservation management will
be not feasible.
Recommendations for required adaptations at policy level targeted at planning
and implementation by regional, national, and international institutions – in parallel
to adaptation in protected areas – are described in Chap. 9.
The methodical approach presented in this chapter aims to answer the key
questions for managers in protected areas when it comes to adaptation:
– How can management of protected areas be adapted to climate change?
– What problems and difficulties may be experienced in adapting protected area
management and how can they be solved?
– How can protected area managers reduce uncertainties by managing natural
resources and learning about them at the same time?
10.2 Adaptation Requirements for Nature Conservation:
Results from Literature Reviews
Current scholarly publications provide numerous suggestions and recommendations
for the adaptation of nature conservation management to climate change (e.g. Glick
et al. 2011; Hansen and Hoffmann 2011; West et al. 2009). Most authors discuss
general problems of conservation management (e.g. Game et al. 2011; Hannah 2003;
Lovejoy and Hanna 2005; Araujo et al. 2011). Only a few address the needs and
response options for protected area managers (e.g. Lawler 2009; Welch 2005; Baron
et al. 2009) or offer guidelines for adaptation of protected area management
(e.g. European Commission 2012; Idle and Bines 2005; Prutsch et al. 2010).
Many recommendations for adaptation in nature conservation address the policy
level or regional and national scale but are not specific enough to be applied to the
tasks and capabilities of protected area management at a local level. Other recommendations aim at the scientific community and do not take practical requirements
of protected area management practice into consideration.
Of the few recommendations that are focused on protected area management
even fewer have been tested in the field. In their review of recommendations for
adaptation to climate change Heller and Zavaleta (2009) conclude that the majority
of recommendations in the published journal literature lack sufficient specificity to
direct immediate action to adapt conservation practice. The general recommendations given are not applicable at the level of protected area management; therefore
a practice-oriented approach - as presented below – with detailed guidance for the
adaptation process is needed.
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protected areas on a local or regional level but also emphasises the need for
cooperation with stakeholders and scientists. It is applicable in all protected areas
across Europe and other continents. However, this approach needs an adequate
budget, as well as time and expertise. Without additional financial means that have
to be provided to protected areas the adaptation of conservation management will
be not feasible.
Recommendations for required adaptations at policy level targeted at planning
and implementation by regional, national, and international institutions – in parallel
to adaptation in protected areas – are described in Chap. 9.
The methodical approach presented in this chapter aims to answer the key
questions for managers in protected areas when it comes to adaptation:
– How can management of protected areas be adapted to climate change?
– What problems and difficulties may be experienced in adapting protected area
management and how can they be solved?
– How can protected area managers reduce uncertainties by managing natural
resources and learning about them at the same time?
10.2 Adaptation Requirements for Nature Conservation:
Results from Literature Reviews
Current scholarly publications provide numerous suggestions and recommendations
for the adaptation of nature conservation management to climate change (e.g. Glick
et al. 2011; Hansen and Hoffmann 2011; West et al. 2009). Most authors discuss
general problems of conservation management (e.g. Game et al. 2011; Hannah 2003;
Lovejoy and Hanna 2005; Araujo et al. 2011). Only a few address the needs and
response options for protected area managers (e.g. Lawler 2009; Welch 2005; Baron
et al. 2009) or offer guidelines for adaptation of protected area management
(e.g. European Commission 2012; Idle and Bines 2005; Prutsch et al. 2010).
Many recommendations for adaptation in nature conservation address the policy
level or regional and national scale but are not specific enough to be applied to the
tasks and capabilities of protected area management at a local level. Other recommendations aim at the scientific community and do not take practical requirements
of protected area management practice into consideration.
Of the few recommendations that are focused on protected area management
even fewer have been tested in the field. In their review of recommendations for
adaptation to climate change Heller and Zavaleta (2009) conclude that the majority
of recommendations in the published journal literature lack sufficient specificity to
direct immediate action to adapt conservation practice. The general recommendations given are not applicable at the level of protected area management; therefore
a practice-oriented approach - as presented below – with detailed guidance for the
adaptation process is needed.
160
C. Wilke and S. Rannow