Abbreviations
ABCM Attribute-Based Choice Modeling
AHP
Analytical Hierarchy Process
CAP
Common Agricultural Policy
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
CEG
Citizen Expert Group
CGIAR Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research
CVM
Contingent Valuation Method
GAP
Good Agricultural Practice
F2F
Face-to-Face
FPR
Farmer Participatory Research
MS
Mail Surveys
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
PES
Payments for Environmental Services
PLA
Participatory Learning and Action
PRA
Participatory Rural Appraisal
PTD
Participatory Technology Development
PVM
Participatory Valuation Methods
RRA
Rapid Rural Appraisal
SNM
Strategic Niche Management
USD
US Dollar
9.1 A Brief History of Participatory Approaches to Research
and Development: Global and Southeast Asian Perspectives
9.1.1 Participatory Research and Development
Participatory approaches to agricultural research, natural resource management and
rural development have been widely discussed and promoted since the early 1980s
(e.g., Chambers 1983, 1994; Ashby 1986; Pretty 1995; Pound et al. 2003).
1 These
approaches originally emerged as a response to the lengthy and top-down planning
processes used in rural development projects and the failure of the transfer-ofP. Gypmantasiri
Center for Agricultural Resource Systems Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand
1 This section was written by Andreas Neef, Volker Hoffmann, Nguyen The Dang and Phrek
Gypmantasiri and draws partly on Neef (2005b).
322
A. Neef et al.