Table 7.7 Description and summary statistics of dependent and explanatory variables in a
regression model explaining farmers’ awareness and practice of agroforestry techniques for soil
conservation purposes in Yen Chau district, north-west Vietnam (N ¼ 292 households)
Variables
Description
Mean St. dev
Knowledge of agroforestry
(dependent variable in
selection equation)
HH
a has knowledge of agroforestry used for
soil conservation purposes (yes ¼ 1,
no ¼ 0)
0.42 0.50
Household characteristics
Age
*
Age of the household head
43.16 12.66
Education
*
Most highly educated member has a high
school certificate (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.05 0.23
Actives
*
Number of active members (able bodied
members between 18 and 60)
2.54 1.26
Vertical connections
Number of problems for which it is easy to
get help from the Union
b
2.01 2.00
Variables
Description
Mean St. dev
Communication and extension
Radio
HH possesses a radio (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.18 0.38
Extension service
Subjective score on access to extension
services (1 ¼ lowest, 5 ¼ highest)
3.10 1.06
Farmers’ Union
HH participates in the Farmers’ Union
(yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.79 0.41
Wealth
Expenditure
*
Daily expenditure per capita in thousand
dong (VND)
c
15.40 6.48
Geographic characteristics
Elevation
*
Elevation of the house in meters above sea
level (m.a.s.l.)
520.33 241.87
Adoption (dependent variable
in main equation)
HH has adopted and uses agroforestry on at
least one plot (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.12 0.32
Soil and farm characteristics
Poor quality soil
Share of area with poor quality soil (in %)
30.89 33.61
Medium quality soil
Share of area with medium quality
soil (in %)
56.11 36.57
Relative upland size
Area of titled upland per capita > village
average (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.61 0.49
Support and access to credit
Support
HH received support to implement
agroforestry (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.07 0.26
Credit constrained
HH is credit constrained in the formal market
(yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.27 0.45
Land policy
Titled land
Share of titled upland area of total area
operated (in %)
70.64 39.07
HH experienced reallocation
HH has experienced at least on reallocation
of upland fields (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.09 0.28
Villagers experienced
reallocation
Share of households in village which have
experienced upland reallocation (in %)
d
8.32 10.51
(continued)
262
T. Hilger et al.
regression model explaining farmers’ awareness and practice of agroforestry techniques for soil
conservation purposes in Yen Chau district, north-west Vietnam (N ¼ 292 households)
Variables
Description
Mean St. dev
Knowledge of agroforestry
(dependent variable in
selection equation)
HH
a has knowledge of agroforestry used for
soil conservation purposes (yes ¼ 1,
no ¼ 0)
0.42 0.50
Household characteristics
Age
*
Age of the household head
43.16 12.66
Education
*
Most highly educated member has a high
school certificate (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.05 0.23
Actives
*
Number of active members (able bodied
members between 18 and 60)
2.54 1.26
Vertical connections
Number of problems for which it is easy to
get help from the Union
b
2.01 2.00
Variables
Description
Mean St. dev
Communication and extension
Radio
HH possesses a radio (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.18 0.38
Extension service
Subjective score on access to extension
services (1 ¼ lowest, 5 ¼ highest)
3.10 1.06
Farmers’ Union
HH participates in the Farmers’ Union
(yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.79 0.41
Wealth
Expenditure
*
Daily expenditure per capita in thousand
dong (VND)
c
15.40 6.48
Geographic characteristics
Elevation
*
Elevation of the house in meters above sea
level (m.a.s.l.)
520.33 241.87
Adoption (dependent variable
in main equation)
HH has adopted and uses agroforestry on at
least one plot (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.12 0.32
Soil and farm characteristics
Poor quality soil
Share of area with poor quality soil (in %)
30.89 33.61
Medium quality soil
Share of area with medium quality
soil (in %)
56.11 36.57
Relative upland size
Area of titled upland per capita > village
average (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.61 0.49
Support and access to credit
Support
HH received support to implement
agroforestry (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.07 0.26
Credit constrained
HH is credit constrained in the formal market
(yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.27 0.45
Land policy
Titled land
Share of titled upland area of total area
operated (in %)
70.64 39.07
HH experienced reallocation
HH has experienced at least on reallocation
of upland fields (yes ¼ 1, no ¼ 0)
0.09 0.28
Villagers experienced
reallocation
Share of households in village which have
experienced upland reallocation (in %)
d
8.32 10.51
(continued)
262
T. Hilger et al.