Chapter 4
Agricultural Pesticide Use in Mountainous Areas
of Thailand and Vietnam: Towards Reducing
Exposure and Rationalizing Use
Marc Lamers, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Joachim Ingwersen,
Walaya Sangchan, Christian Grovermann, and Thomas Berger
Abbreviations
C crit
Critical concentration
EC 50
Median effect concentration
EIQ
Environmental impact quotient
LC 50
Median lethal concentration
NOEC No observed effect concentration
PEC
Predicted environmental concentration
PNEC Predicted no effect concentration
RQ
Risk quotient
M. Lamers (*) • J. Ingwersen • W. Sangchan
Department of Biogeophysics (310d), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
e-mail: marc.lamers@uni-hohenheim.de
P. Schreinemachers • C. Grovermann • T. Berger
Department of Land Use Economics in the Tropics and Subtropics (490d)
University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
H.L. Fro ¨hlich et al. (eds.), Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast
Asia: Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas, Springer Environmental
Science and Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-33377-4_4,
# The Author(s) 2013
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