218
4 Numerical Methods and Simulation for Pebble Flows
Fig. 4.32 The initial packing states in the (a). bed of base angle θ = 30 ◦ ; (b). bed of base angle
θ = 45 ◦ ; and (c). bed of base angle θ = 60 ◦ . And the three loading modes from the top of the bed
(d). Star-like in the “Star-Fa” mode; (e). a central hole in the “Cent-Me” mode; (f). Ring-like in the
“Ring-Sl” mode
4 Numerical Methods and Simulation for Pebble Flows
Fig. 4.32 The initial packing states in the (a). bed of base angle θ = 30 ◦ ; (b). bed of base angle
θ = 45 ◦ ; and (c). bed of base angle θ = 60 ◦ . And the three loading modes from the top of the bed
(d). Star-like in the “Star-Fa” mode; (e). a central hole in the “Cent-Me” mode; (f). Ring-like in the
“Ring-Sl” mode