3 Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering ...
51
recover when emodin was activated with low light dosage (ph fluctuated slightly
around the average value, about 5.5), while after treatment with a high light dosage,
the intracellular ph increased substantially, triggering consecutive processes and
finally cell death was observed.
this short review does not cover all applications of SERS in cellular sensing.
For example, SERS nanotags were successfully applied to detect cancer markers
in living cells [171, 172]. these reports clearly demonstrate perspectives of SERS
spectroscopy as a promising tool in biomedicine.
3.5 Concluding Remarks
As shown in this review, SERS is an exceptionally selective and nondestructive
spectroscopic method which offers sensitivity down to the single molecule level. It
has a great potential for a variety of applications in bioscience, including in situ experiments in living cells and microorganisms. despite great progress in bioanalytical applications of SERS spectroscopy in the last several years, there are still many
obstacles that must be overcome to make this method a more universal tool. First,
developing stable, reproducible, and highly enhancing substrates is still a great challenge in SERS spectroscopy of biological samples. Controlling the distribution of
the SERS nanoparticles inside the living biological materials such as cells, tissues
and microorganisms is another task that must be solved. In targeted sensing in biological samples, the magnetic plasmonic nanoparticles have great potential, since
they enable displacing the nanoprobes in magnetic field. developing biocompatible
and non-toxic SERS nanoprobes is a very important and still unresolved problem in
applications of SERS for in vivo experiments with living cells and microorganisms
as well.
In the last decade, great progress has been made in combining Raman spectroscopy with scanning tunnelling (Stm) or atomic force microscopy (AFm). It resulted in developing fascinating technique called tERS. this technique opens new,
exciting perspectives for noninvasive imaging of a variety of biological systems,
e.g. cell membranes with nanometric spatial resolution. main challenge of tERS
spectroscopy is fabrication of reproducible, high quality tips, that are necessary for
effective enhancement of the Raman signal.
References
1.
Fleischmann m, hendra PJ, mcQuillan AJ (1974) Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a
silver electrode. Chem Phys Lett 26(2):163–166
2.
Jeanmaire dL, van duyne RP (1977) Surface Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Part I. heterocyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic amines adsorbed on the anodized silver electrode. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 84(1):1–20
3.
Lombardi JR, Birke RL, Lu t, Xu J (1986) Charge-transfer theory of surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopy: herzberg-teller contributions. J Chem Phys 84:4174–4180
4.
Pines d (1956) Collective energy losses in solids. Rev mod Phys 28:184–198
51
recover when emodin was activated with low light dosage (ph fluctuated slightly
around the average value, about 5.5), while after treatment with a high light dosage,
the intracellular ph increased substantially, triggering consecutive processes and
finally cell death was observed.
this short review does not cover all applications of SERS in cellular sensing.
For example, SERS nanotags were successfully applied to detect cancer markers
in living cells [171, 172]. these reports clearly demonstrate perspectives of SERS
spectroscopy as a promising tool in biomedicine.
3.5 Concluding Remarks
As shown in this review, SERS is an exceptionally selective and nondestructive
spectroscopic method which offers sensitivity down to the single molecule level. It
has a great potential for a variety of applications in bioscience, including in situ experiments in living cells and microorganisms. despite great progress in bioanalytical applications of SERS spectroscopy in the last several years, there are still many
obstacles that must be overcome to make this method a more universal tool. First,
developing stable, reproducible, and highly enhancing substrates is still a great challenge in SERS spectroscopy of biological samples. Controlling the distribution of
the SERS nanoparticles inside the living biological materials such as cells, tissues
and microorganisms is another task that must be solved. In targeted sensing in biological samples, the magnetic plasmonic nanoparticles have great potential, since
they enable displacing the nanoprobes in magnetic field. developing biocompatible
and non-toxic SERS nanoprobes is a very important and still unresolved problem in
applications of SERS for in vivo experiments with living cells and microorganisms
as well.
In the last decade, great progress has been made in combining Raman spectroscopy with scanning tunnelling (Stm) or atomic force microscopy (AFm). It resulted in developing fascinating technique called tERS. this technique opens new,
exciting perspectives for noninvasive imaging of a variety of biological systems,
e.g. cell membranes with nanometric spatial resolution. main challenge of tERS
spectroscopy is fabrication of reproducible, high quality tips, that are necessary for
effective enhancement of the Raman signal.
References
1.
Fleischmann m, hendra PJ, mcQuillan AJ (1974) Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a
silver electrode. Chem Phys Lett 26(2):163–166
2.
Jeanmaire dL, van duyne RP (1977) Surface Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Part I. heterocyclic, aromatic, and aliphatic amines adsorbed on the anodized silver electrode. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 84(1):1–20
3.
Lombardi JR, Birke RL, Lu t, Xu J (1986) Charge-transfer theory of surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopy: herzberg-teller contributions. J Chem Phys 84:4174–4180
4.
Pines d (1956) Collective energy losses in solids. Rev mod Phys 28:184–198