17 Vibrational Microspectroscopy for Analysis of Atherosclerotic Arteries
519
Wa v e n u m -
ber [cm
−1
]
mode assignment
Compound
assignment
Aorta/plaque part
Ref.
430,
544–559
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Necrotic core/Steroid nucleus
[92–94]
702
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
and Cholesteryl
esters
Necrotic core/Steroid nucleus
[92–94]
855
Ch 2 twisting
Proline and hydroxyproline in collagen
Collagen fiber and
fibrous cap
[2, 95, 96]
878
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus/
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
923
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus/
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
933
C-Cstretch of the
C–Coo
−
Proline and hydroxyproline in collagen
Collagen fiber and
fibrous cap
[2, 95]
940
C-C and C-h bending
Proteins
Smooth muscle cell/
media
[2]
956–962
Po 4
3−
symmetric/
asymmetric
stretching
Calcium
hydroxyapatite
Large and punctate calcium
mineralization
[82, 97]
957
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
1004
Ring breathing
Phenyloalanine
Smooth muscle cell/
media (mainly)
[69]
1026
C-C and C-h bending
Cholesteryl esters
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
1034
C-C and C-h bending
Proteins
Smooth muscle cell/
media
[2]
1069–1073 Co 3
2−
symmetricstretching
Calcium carbonate
Large and punctate calcium
mineralization
[2, 82, 88]
1085
C-C bending
Cholesteryl esters
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
1104
desmosine/
isodesmosine
Elastin
Elastic lamina
[2, 95]
1155–1160 C = C stretching
β-carotenoids
Yellow crystals in
necrotic core
[2, 82, 86]
1176
C-C bending
Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
Table 17.1 the most prominent bands present in atherosclerotic tissue Raman spectra with
their modes, corresponding compound assignment, the aorta/plaque part with the highest
concentration of the compound and references
519
Wa v e n u m -
ber [cm
−1
]
mode assignment
Compound
assignment
Aorta/plaque part
Ref.
430,
544–559
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Necrotic core/Steroid nucleus
[92–94]
702
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
and Cholesteryl
esters
Necrotic core/Steroid nucleus
[92–94]
855
Ch 2 twisting
Proline and hydroxyproline in collagen
Collagen fiber and
fibrous cap
[2, 95, 96]
878
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus/
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
923
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus/
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
933
C-Cstretch of the
C–Coo
−
Proline and hydroxyproline in collagen
Collagen fiber and
fibrous cap
[2, 95]
940
C-C and C-h bending
Proteins
Smooth muscle cell/
media
[2]
956–962
Po 4
3−
symmetric/
asymmetric
stretching
Calcium
hydroxyapatite
Large and punctate calcium
mineralization
[82, 97]
957
Steroid rings stretching Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Steroid nucleus
foam cells/necrotic core
[92]
1004
Ring breathing
Phenyloalanine
Smooth muscle cell/
media (mainly)
[69]
1026
C-C and C-h bending
Cholesteryl esters
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
1034
C-C and C-h bending
Proteins
Smooth muscle cell/
media
[2]
1069–1073 Co 3
2−
symmetricstretching
Calcium carbonate
Large and punctate calcium
mineralization
[2, 82, 88]
1085
C-C bending
Cholesteryl esters
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
1104
desmosine/
isodesmosine
Elastin
Elastic lamina
[2, 95]
1155–1160 C = C stretching
β-carotenoids
Yellow crystals in
necrotic core
[2, 82, 86]
1176
C-C bending
Crystalline cholesterol—unesterfied
(free) cholesterol
Foam cells/necrotic
core
[2, 86, 92,
98]
Table 17.1 the most prominent bands present in atherosclerotic tissue Raman spectra with
their modes, corresponding compound assignment, the aorta/plaque part with the highest
concentration of the compound and references