355
Chapter 13
Vibrational Spectroscopy: Disease Diagnostics
and Beyond
Hugh J. Byrne, Kamila M. Ostrowska, Haq Nawaz, Jennifer Dorney,
Aidan D. Meade, Franck Bonnier and Fiona M. Lyng
h. J. Byrne () · K. m. ostrowska · h. Nawaz · J. dorney · A. d. meade
F. Bonnier · F. m. Lyng
Focas Research Institute, dublin Institute of technology, Camden Row, dublin 8 Ireland
e-mail: hugh.byrne@dit.ie
Abstract this chapter outlines some developments in the applications of vibrational spectroscopy for disease diagnostics and demonstrates how the applications
of the spectroscopic techniques can be extended to the analysis and evaluation of
disease aetiology and the mechanisms of interaction with and the cellular and subcellular responses to, for example, chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles. the
primary emphasis is on Raman spectroscopy, although some examples are based
on infrared absorption spectroscopy. the studies presented are chosen to illustrate
how a range of multivariate analytical techniques can be employed to maximize the
potential benefits of the complex spectral information obtained from tissue or cells.
Keywords Vibrational spectroscopy • Raman Spectroscopy • Infrared Spectroscopy •
Multivariate statistical analysis • Disease diagnostics • Cellular analysis • Nanotoxicology •
Chemotherapeutics
13.1 Introduction
vibrational Spectroscopy is a subset of spectroscopy which analyses vibrations
within a molecule (or material). the vibrations are characteristic of the molecular
structure and, in polyatomic molecules, give rise to a spectroscopic “fingerprint”.
the spectrum of vibrational energies can thus be employed to characterise a molecular structure, or changes to it due to the local environment or external factors
(e.g. radiation, chemical agents). vibrational energies fall within the mid Infrared
(IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum and are commonly probed through IR
absorption spectroscopy. Following the discovery of IR radiation by herschel in
1800 [1], initial applications of Infrared absorption spectroscopy were limited to astronomy and astrophysics [2]. In material sciences, significant advances were made
by 1900 when Abney and Festing recorded spectra for 52 compounds, correlating
m. Baranska (ed.), Optical Spectroscopy and Computational Methods in Biology and
Medicine, Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics 14,
doI 10.1007/978-94-007-7832-0_13, © Springer Science+Business media dordrecht 2014
Chapter 13
Vibrational Spectroscopy: Disease Diagnostics
and Beyond
Hugh J. Byrne, Kamila M. Ostrowska, Haq Nawaz, Jennifer Dorney,
Aidan D. Meade, Franck Bonnier and Fiona M. Lyng
h. J. Byrne () · K. m. ostrowska · h. Nawaz · J. dorney · A. d. meade
F. Bonnier · F. m. Lyng
Focas Research Institute, dublin Institute of technology, Camden Row, dublin 8 Ireland
e-mail: hugh.byrne@dit.ie
Abstract this chapter outlines some developments in the applications of vibrational spectroscopy for disease diagnostics and demonstrates how the applications
of the spectroscopic techniques can be extended to the analysis and evaluation of
disease aetiology and the mechanisms of interaction with and the cellular and subcellular responses to, for example, chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles. the
primary emphasis is on Raman spectroscopy, although some examples are based
on infrared absorption spectroscopy. the studies presented are chosen to illustrate
how a range of multivariate analytical techniques can be employed to maximize the
potential benefits of the complex spectral information obtained from tissue or cells.
Keywords Vibrational spectroscopy • Raman Spectroscopy • Infrared Spectroscopy •
Multivariate statistical analysis • Disease diagnostics • Cellular analysis • Nanotoxicology •
Chemotherapeutics
13.1 Introduction
vibrational Spectroscopy is a subset of spectroscopy which analyses vibrations
within a molecule (or material). the vibrations are characteristic of the molecular
structure and, in polyatomic molecules, give rise to a spectroscopic “fingerprint”.
the spectrum of vibrational energies can thus be employed to characterise a molecular structure, or changes to it due to the local environment or external factors
(e.g. radiation, chemical agents). vibrational energies fall within the mid Infrared
(IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum and are commonly probed through IR
absorption spectroscopy. Following the discovery of IR radiation by herschel in
1800 [1], initial applications of Infrared absorption spectroscopy were limited to astronomy and astrophysics [2]. In material sciences, significant advances were made
by 1900 when Abney and Festing recorded spectra for 52 compounds, correlating
m. Baranska (ed.), Optical Spectroscopy and Computational Methods in Biology and
Medicine, Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics 14,
doI 10.1007/978-94-007-7832-0_13, © Springer Science+Business media dordrecht 2014