M. Baranska et al.
8
spectroscopy appear to be an innovative, powerful, sensitive and non-invasive
methods to study the processes taking place inside the cells. IR spectroscopy monitors the level of the main components e.g. proteins, lipids, dNA/RNA, whereas
Raman spectroscopy is useful for the assessment of the overall molecular constitution of biological samples, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates,
heme, carotenoids and inorganic crystals.
the beginnings of biomedical applications of vibrational spectroscopy goes back
to the first half and turn of the twentieth century [23–27]. In 1949 Elkan Blout et al.
have published one of the first paper where the first spectroscopic experiments on
microtomed tissue sections using infrared spectroscopy to study tissue were presented [23]. A normal tissues, neoplastic tissues and important constituents of tissues have been empirically investigated using IR spectroscopy also over 60 years
ago by donald L. Woenley [25]. Recent technological developments have spurred
increased interest in Raman microspectroscopy as a sophisticated analytical tool for
biomedical applications. the literature repeatedly emphasized the potential impact
and importance of these techniques in the application of modern scientific research
in the field of tissue engineering and research on new drugs.
the ability to detect diseases or dysfunctions rapidly, non-invasively and unequivocally has multiple benefits. Fast and powerful methods of diagnosis in the
initial state of disease allow for early intervention of therapeutic strategies and significant reduction in mortality and morbidity. detection, identification and tracking of characteristic biochemical markers of disease could be used to monitor the
progression of therapy.
Current biomedical studies with application of vibrational spectroscopy are focused on biomedical samples obtained from patients or laboratory animals during
surgery, biopsy or postmortem, and on cultured cells as well. In recent years there
has been a significant increasing interest in the in vitro analysis of cells and extracellular matrix components in tissues and ex vivo analysis of animal and human
tissues by spectroscopic methods for diagnostic purposes. vibrational spectroscopy
opens completely new possibilities for monitoring the content of many chemicals in
cells or tissues at the same time at high level of selectivity and resolution. the desire
of scientists to have an insight into the biochemical composition of a single cell in
an easier, faster and, most importantly, without the labeling in contrast to staining
methods, has initiated a number of studies with the use of spectroscopic techniques.
Raman microspectroscopy is able to detect small biochemical changes and their
distributions at sub-cellular level [28]. the possibilities to study samples in the aqueous environment allows the investigation of living cells and tracking of changes in
their interior under the action of various factors, e.g. monitoring the uptake of drugs,
nanoparticles and bioactive compunds, as well as non-chemical factors [29–32].
many disease syndromes begin at subcellular level, and actually only a few currently used non-invasive techniques allow the study of selected sub-cellular structures in a selective, sensitive and free-labels way. Raman measurements with a spatial resolution ca. ~ 300 nm allow detection of such small structures as nucleolus, nucleoli, mitochondria, lipid droplets or introduced nanoparticles [33–36]. With the use
of confocal Raman spectrometer it is possible to perform three-dimensional imaging
8
spectroscopy appear to be an innovative, powerful, sensitive and non-invasive
methods to study the processes taking place inside the cells. IR spectroscopy monitors the level of the main components e.g. proteins, lipids, dNA/RNA, whereas
Raman spectroscopy is useful for the assessment of the overall molecular constitution of biological samples, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates,
heme, carotenoids and inorganic crystals.
the beginnings of biomedical applications of vibrational spectroscopy goes back
to the first half and turn of the twentieth century [23–27]. In 1949 Elkan Blout et al.
have published one of the first paper where the first spectroscopic experiments on
microtomed tissue sections using infrared spectroscopy to study tissue were presented [23]. A normal tissues, neoplastic tissues and important constituents of tissues have been empirically investigated using IR spectroscopy also over 60 years
ago by donald L. Woenley [25]. Recent technological developments have spurred
increased interest in Raman microspectroscopy as a sophisticated analytical tool for
biomedical applications. the literature repeatedly emphasized the potential impact
and importance of these techniques in the application of modern scientific research
in the field of tissue engineering and research on new drugs.
the ability to detect diseases or dysfunctions rapidly, non-invasively and unequivocally has multiple benefits. Fast and powerful methods of diagnosis in the
initial state of disease allow for early intervention of therapeutic strategies and significant reduction in mortality and morbidity. detection, identification and tracking of characteristic biochemical markers of disease could be used to monitor the
progression of therapy.
Current biomedical studies with application of vibrational spectroscopy are focused on biomedical samples obtained from patients or laboratory animals during
surgery, biopsy or postmortem, and on cultured cells as well. In recent years there
has been a significant increasing interest in the in vitro analysis of cells and extracellular matrix components in tissues and ex vivo analysis of animal and human
tissues by spectroscopic methods for diagnostic purposes. vibrational spectroscopy
opens completely new possibilities for monitoring the content of many chemicals in
cells or tissues at the same time at high level of selectivity and resolution. the desire
of scientists to have an insight into the biochemical composition of a single cell in
an easier, faster and, most importantly, without the labeling in contrast to staining
methods, has initiated a number of studies with the use of spectroscopic techniques.
Raman microspectroscopy is able to detect small biochemical changes and their
distributions at sub-cellular level [28]. the possibilities to study samples in the aqueous environment allows the investigation of living cells and tracking of changes in
their interior under the action of various factors, e.g. monitoring the uptake of drugs,
nanoparticles and bioactive compunds, as well as non-chemical factors [29–32].
many disease syndromes begin at subcellular level, and actually only a few currently used non-invasive techniques allow the study of selected sub-cellular structures in a selective, sensitive and free-labels way. Raman measurements with a spatial resolution ca. ~ 300 nm allow detection of such small structures as nucleolus, nucleoli, mitochondria, lipid droplets or introduced nanoparticles [33–36]. With the use
of confocal Raman spectrometer it is possible to perform three-dimensional imaging