19. Bogdanov, A.M., Mishin, A.S., Yampolsky, I.V., Belousov, V.V., Chudakov, D.M., Subach, F.
V., Verkhusha, V.V., Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K.A.: Green fluorescent proteins are lightinduced electron donors. Nat. Chem. Biol. 5, 459–461 (2009)
20. Nielsen, S.B., Lapierre, A., Andersen, J.U., Pedersen, U.V., Tomita, S., Andersen, L.H.:
Absorption spectrum of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion in vacuo. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 87, 228102 (2001)
21. Boye ´, S., Nielsen, S.B., Krogh, H., Nielsen, I.B., Pedersen, U.V., Bell, A.F., He, X., Tonge, P.
J., Andersen, L.H.: Gas-phase absorption properties of DsRed model chromophores. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 3021–3026 (2003)
22. Andersen, L.H., Lapierre, A., Nielsen, S.B., Nielsen, I.B., Pedersen, S.U., Pedersen, U.V.,
Tomita, S.: Chromophores of the green fluorescent protein studied in the gas phase. Eur. Phys.
J. D 20, 597–600 (2002)
23. Lammich, L., Petersen, M.A ˚ ., Nielsen, M.B., Andersen, L.H.: The gas-phase absorption
spectrum of a neutral GFP model chromophore. Biophys. J. 92, 201–207 (2007)
24. Rajput, J., Rahbek, D.B., Andersen, L.H., Rocha-Rinza, T., Christiansen, O., Bravaya, K.B.,
Erokhin, A.V., Bochenkova, A.V., Solntsev, K.M., Dong, J., Kowalik, J., Tolbert, L.M.,
Petersen, M.A ˚ ., Nielsen, M.B.: Photoabsorption studies of neutral green fluorescent protein
model chromophores in vacuo. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 9996–10002 (2009)
25. Petersen, M.A., Riber, P., Andersen, L.H., Nielsen, M.B.: Synthesis and characterization of
model compounds for the neutral green fluorescent protein chromophore. Synthesis 23,
3635–3638 (2007)
26. Boye ´, S., Nielsen, I.B., Nielsen, S.B., Krogh, H., Lapierre, A., Pedersen, H.B., Pedersen, S.U.,
Pedersen, U.V., Andersen, L.H.: Gas-phase absorption properties of a green fluorescent
protein–mutant chromophore: the w7 clone. J. Chem. Phys. 119, 338–345 (2003)
27. Pakhomov, A.A., Martynov, V.I.: GFP family: structural insights into spectral tuning. Chem.
Biol. 15, 755–764 (2008)
28. Lincke, K., Solling, T., Andersen, L.H., Klaerke, B., Rahbek, D.B., Rajput, J.,
Oehlenschlaeger, C.B., Petersen, M.A., Nielsen, M.B.: On the absorption of the phenolate
chromophore in the green fluorescent protein – role of individual interactions. Chem.
Commun. 46, 734–736 (2010)
29. Andersen, L.H., Bluhme, H., Boye, S., Jørgensen, T.J.D., Krogh, H., Nielsen, I.B., Nielsen, S.
B., Svendsen, A.: Experimental studies of the photophysics of gas-phase fluorescent protein
chromophores. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 2617–2627 (2004)
30. Tanabe, T., Saito, M., Noda, K.: Relaxation of green fluorescent protein chromophore anion
observed by photodissociation in an electrostatic storage ring. Eur. Phys. J. D 62, 191–195
(2011)
31. Forbes, M.W., Nagy, A.M., Jockusch, R.A.: Photofragmentation of and electron
photodetachment from a GFP model chromophore in a quadrupole ion trap. Int. J. Mass
Spectrom 308, 155–166 (2011)
32. Chingin, K., Balabin, R.M., Frankevich, V., Barylyuk, K., Nieckarz, R., Sagulenko, P., Zenobi,
R.: Absorption of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion in the gas phase studied by
a combination of FTICR mass spectrometry with laser-induced photodissociation spectroscopy. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 306, 241–245 (2011)
33. Horke, D.A., Verlet, J.R.R.: Photoelectron spectroscopy of the model GFP chromophore
anion. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 8511–8515 (2012)
34. Mooney, C.R.S., Sanz, M.E., McKay, A.R., Fitzmaurice, R.J., Aliev, A.E., Caddick, S.,
Fielding, H.H.: Photodetachment spectra of deprotonated fluorescent protein chromophore
anions. J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 7943–7949 (2012)
35. Toker, Y., Rahbek, D.B., Klærke, B., Bochenkova, A.V., Andersen, L.H.: Direct and indirect
electron emission from the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109,
128101 (2012)
5 Photo-initiated Dynamics and Spectroscopy of the Deprotonated Green. . .
101
V., Verkhusha, V.V., Lukyanov, S., Lukyanov, K.A.: Green fluorescent proteins are lightinduced electron donors. Nat. Chem. Biol. 5, 459–461 (2009)
20. Nielsen, S.B., Lapierre, A., Andersen, J.U., Pedersen, U.V., Tomita, S., Andersen, L.H.:
Absorption spectrum of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion in vacuo. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 87, 228102 (2001)
21. Boye ´, S., Nielsen, S.B., Krogh, H., Nielsen, I.B., Pedersen, U.V., Bell, A.F., He, X., Tonge, P.
J., Andersen, L.H.: Gas-phase absorption properties of DsRed model chromophores. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 3021–3026 (2003)
22. Andersen, L.H., Lapierre, A., Nielsen, S.B., Nielsen, I.B., Pedersen, S.U., Pedersen, U.V.,
Tomita, S.: Chromophores of the green fluorescent protein studied in the gas phase. Eur. Phys.
J. D 20, 597–600 (2002)
23. Lammich, L., Petersen, M.A ˚ ., Nielsen, M.B., Andersen, L.H.: The gas-phase absorption
spectrum of a neutral GFP model chromophore. Biophys. J. 92, 201–207 (2007)
24. Rajput, J., Rahbek, D.B., Andersen, L.H., Rocha-Rinza, T., Christiansen, O., Bravaya, K.B.,
Erokhin, A.V., Bochenkova, A.V., Solntsev, K.M., Dong, J., Kowalik, J., Tolbert, L.M.,
Petersen, M.A ˚ ., Nielsen, M.B.: Photoabsorption studies of neutral green fluorescent protein
model chromophores in vacuo. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 9996–10002 (2009)
25. Petersen, M.A., Riber, P., Andersen, L.H., Nielsen, M.B.: Synthesis and characterization of
model compounds for the neutral green fluorescent protein chromophore. Synthesis 23,
3635–3638 (2007)
26. Boye ´, S., Nielsen, I.B., Nielsen, S.B., Krogh, H., Lapierre, A., Pedersen, H.B., Pedersen, S.U.,
Pedersen, U.V., Andersen, L.H.: Gas-phase absorption properties of a green fluorescent
protein–mutant chromophore: the w7 clone. J. Chem. Phys. 119, 338–345 (2003)
27. Pakhomov, A.A., Martynov, V.I.: GFP family: structural insights into spectral tuning. Chem.
Biol. 15, 755–764 (2008)
28. Lincke, K., Solling, T., Andersen, L.H., Klaerke, B., Rahbek, D.B., Rajput, J.,
Oehlenschlaeger, C.B., Petersen, M.A., Nielsen, M.B.: On the absorption of the phenolate
chromophore in the green fluorescent protein – role of individual interactions. Chem.
Commun. 46, 734–736 (2010)
29. Andersen, L.H., Bluhme, H., Boye, S., Jørgensen, T.J.D., Krogh, H., Nielsen, I.B., Nielsen, S.
B., Svendsen, A.: Experimental studies of the photophysics of gas-phase fluorescent protein
chromophores. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 2617–2627 (2004)
30. Tanabe, T., Saito, M., Noda, K.: Relaxation of green fluorescent protein chromophore anion
observed by photodissociation in an electrostatic storage ring. Eur. Phys. J. D 62, 191–195
(2011)
31. Forbes, M.W., Nagy, A.M., Jockusch, R.A.: Photofragmentation of and electron
photodetachment from a GFP model chromophore in a quadrupole ion trap. Int. J. Mass
Spectrom 308, 155–166 (2011)
32. Chingin, K., Balabin, R.M., Frankevich, V., Barylyuk, K., Nieckarz, R., Sagulenko, P., Zenobi,
R.: Absorption of the green fluorescent protein chromophore anion in the gas phase studied by
a combination of FTICR mass spectrometry with laser-induced photodissociation spectroscopy. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 306, 241–245 (2011)
33. Horke, D.A., Verlet, J.R.R.: Photoelectron spectroscopy of the model GFP chromophore
anion. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 8511–8515 (2012)
34. Mooney, C.R.S., Sanz, M.E., McKay, A.R., Fitzmaurice, R.J., Aliev, A.E., Caddick, S.,
Fielding, H.H.: Photodetachment spectra of deprotonated fluorescent protein chromophore
anions. J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 7943–7949 (2012)
35. Toker, Y., Rahbek, D.B., Klærke, B., Bochenkova, A.V., Andersen, L.H.: Direct and indirect
electron emission from the green fluorescent protein chromophore. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109,
128101 (2012)
5 Photo-initiated Dynamics and Spectroscopy of the Deprotonated Green. . .
101