1.5 Quantum Nanoplasmonics: Spaser and Nanoplasmonics
with Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
1.5.1
Introduction to Spasers and Spasing . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
1.5.2
Spaser Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
1.5.3
Brief Overview of Latest Progress in Spasers . . . . . .
59
1.5.4
Equations of Spaser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
1.5.5
Spaser in CW Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
1.5.6
Spaser as Ultrafast Quantum Nanoamplifier. . . . . . . .
72
1.5.7
Compensation of Loss by Gain and Spasing . . . . . . .
77
1.5.8
Conditions of Loss Compensation
by Gain and Spasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
2
Plasmonics for Enhanced Vibrational Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Katrin Kneipp, Harald Kneipp and Janina Kneipp
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2.2 ‘‘Normal’’ and ‘‘Surface Enhanced’’ Vibrational
Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.2.1
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.2.2
Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.2.3
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Using
Two-Photon Excitation: Surface Enhanced Hyper
Raman Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.2.4
Surface Enhanced Pumped Anti-Stokes Raman
Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
2.2.5
Surface Enhanced Coherent or Stimulated Raman
Scattering Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.3 Plasmonic Nanstructures for Supporting Vibrational
Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.4 Selected Applications of Surface Enhanced Vibrational
Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.4.1
SERS for Probing Catalytic Reactions. . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.4.2
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Protein
Monolayers Using SEIRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.4.3
New Labels for Linear and Non-Linear Vibrational
Probing and Imaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.5 Brief Summary and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3
Plasmonically Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Michael B. Ross, Martin G. Blaber and George C. Schatz
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
viii
Contents