374
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
was named laser speckle-optical myography, as well as development and creation of
a new generation of devices, in particular, laser specklometer, which gives the possibility to implement this method in practice. The study was conducted by the author
in collaboration with specialists of group of “coherent-optical research of medical–
biological systems” created by him in the Institute of Neurology, Neurosurgery and
Physiotherapy of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. Using possibilities and advantages of the speckle-optical method, Academician I. P. Antonov set
the task to investigate the functional state of skeletal musculature during diseases of
peripheral nervous system and to conduct analysis of laser speckle-optical myograms
in order to find informative and trustworthy parameters characterizing changes of
muscle activity, which are difficult to obtain using the known methods.
The analysis of dependence of intensity fluctuation spectrum of dynamic specklefield on geometric parameters of the scheme gives the possibility to substantiate
methods and principles of devices for determining longitudinal coordinate according
to the changes of the amplitudes of spectral harmonics. In this case, the author was
interested in the possibility of development and implementation of laser specklometer
(microhematomyograph) in the study of muscle contraction as well as of superficial
blood flow.
Chapter 4 and the works [80–82, 123, 125, 129] inform about the results of earlier
started theoretical and experimental study underlying development of laser specklometer. They describe the principle of the work and organization of the test sample
of the device, software and the research results of vibration characteristics of skeletal
muscles and microcirculation of human skin conducted with laser specklometer.
There is a serious problem connected with the development of speckle-optical
methods and devices for studying biomechanical characteristics of skeletal muscles
and microhemodynamics of human skin and their adaptation. This problem is
studying the impact of a rather complicated movement of the surface of skin caused
by contraction of the underlying skeletal muscle including longitudinal shifts, oscillations and stochastic shifts of separate elementary scatterers (blood cells and muscle
fibers) onto statistic parameters of dynamic speckle-field formed by laser radiation scattered from skin surface. The change of fluctuation amplitude under load
was detected using methods of speckle-optics [80–82]. Further study showed that
spectra differ in healthy people and patients with inadequate motion activity, and
these differences can be used in diagnostic practice [115–135].
The interpretation of speckle-optical results of study of biomechanical parameters of skeletal musculature and working out of diagnostic criteria of a neuromuscular pathology is possible if there is a dependence of these data on the processes,
which influence the contractile muscle function (bioelectrical activity, biochemical
shifts, structural changes, etc.). That is why the study of morphological and metabolic
changes is important, which occur in the muscle tissue and in the structures connected
with it (blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue) under vertebragenous pathology
(muscular-tonic syndromes), experimental traumatic injury of somatic nerves (transaction with further neurorrhaphy and chronic nociceptive irritation) and under influence of physical factors (gas and hydrostatic hyperbary and laser radiation) and some
medications.
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
was named laser speckle-optical myography, as well as development and creation of
a new generation of devices, in particular, laser specklometer, which gives the possibility to implement this method in practice. The study was conducted by the author
in collaboration with specialists of group of “coherent-optical research of medical–
biological systems” created by him in the Institute of Neurology, Neurosurgery and
Physiotherapy of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. Using possibilities and advantages of the speckle-optical method, Academician I. P. Antonov set
the task to investigate the functional state of skeletal musculature during diseases of
peripheral nervous system and to conduct analysis of laser speckle-optical myograms
in order to find informative and trustworthy parameters characterizing changes of
muscle activity, which are difficult to obtain using the known methods.
The analysis of dependence of intensity fluctuation spectrum of dynamic specklefield on geometric parameters of the scheme gives the possibility to substantiate
methods and principles of devices for determining longitudinal coordinate according
to the changes of the amplitudes of spectral harmonics. In this case, the author was
interested in the possibility of development and implementation of laser specklometer
(microhematomyograph) in the study of muscle contraction as well as of superficial
blood flow.
Chapter 4 and the works [80–82, 123, 125, 129] inform about the results of earlier
started theoretical and experimental study underlying development of laser specklometer. They describe the principle of the work and organization of the test sample
of the device, software and the research results of vibration characteristics of skeletal
muscles and microcirculation of human skin conducted with laser specklometer.
There is a serious problem connected with the development of speckle-optical
methods and devices for studying biomechanical characteristics of skeletal muscles
and microhemodynamics of human skin and their adaptation. This problem is
studying the impact of a rather complicated movement of the surface of skin caused
by contraction of the underlying skeletal muscle including longitudinal shifts, oscillations and stochastic shifts of separate elementary scatterers (blood cells and muscle
fibers) onto statistic parameters of dynamic speckle-field formed by laser radiation scattered from skin surface. The change of fluctuation amplitude under load
was detected using methods of speckle-optics [80–82]. Further study showed that
spectra differ in healthy people and patients with inadequate motion activity, and
these differences can be used in diagnostic practice [115–135].
The interpretation of speckle-optical results of study of biomechanical parameters of skeletal musculature and working out of diagnostic criteria of a neuromuscular pathology is possible if there is a dependence of these data on the processes,
which influence the contractile muscle function (bioelectrical activity, biochemical
shifts, structural changes, etc.). That is why the study of morphological and metabolic
changes is important, which occur in the muscle tissue and in the structures connected
with it (blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue) under vertebragenous pathology
(muscular-tonic syndromes), experimental traumatic injury of somatic nerves (transaction with further neurorrhaphy and chronic nociceptive irritation) and under influence of physical factors (gas and hydrostatic hyperbary and laser radiation) and some
medications.