372
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
their disappearing. The diameter of the scanning beam had to be varied in experiments for obtaining maximal contrast interferograms for observation of considerably
heterogeneous deformations occurring during contractions of living tissue.
Apart from useful physical information about mechanical properties of biotissues
and amplitude–velocity regimes of motor organs, similar maps of deformations can
give the information about the state of internal organs. The authors of the works [69,
102–105] developed speckle-photography methods for measurement of the map of
chest surface deformation in a certain phase of heart contraction. As the length of
elastic wave is more than the distance between the heart and the chest surface, then
its deformations show the state of the heart muscle. According to them, there is a
connection between this deformation field and the experienced heart disease. The
obtained results show the possibility of effective application of speckle-photography
in medical–biological study of living tissue contraction. Besides, it can be used in
the study on biomechanics and supplement methods of holographic interferometry
in other medical applications.
Biomechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscles are of great interest both
for studies and for physicians. Constant contractions and relaxations of muscles occur
in the body of a wakeful person, and they lead to respective shifts and vibrations of
skin.
In the end, different abnormalities occurring in the human organism lead to
alteration of degree of muscle contractility, which is connected with biomechanical parameters, and in turn, this changes amplitude and oscillation frequency of the
muscle and the skin surface.
Meanwhile, the dynamics of these processes is connected with the dynamics
of the object itself that gives the possibility to detect such abnormalities in muscle
contractions according to the peculiarities of intensity fluctuation spectra and connect
them with different diseases. In the work [106], Descherevsky’s model [107, 108] is
taken as a mathematic model of a skeletal muscle, which works in contraction regime.
Amplitude and oscillation frequency of the muscle were calculated on its example
at different values of biomechanical parameters. The expression for intensity of
radiation scattered by the surface was obtained that gives the possibility to determine
oscillation amplitude of the muscle. In particular, graphs were made, which describe
the intensity of the scattered radiation depending on the load, which corresponds to
the experimental data.
The progress of muscular physiology is determined by experimental equipment
to a great extent. Speckle-optics gives different possibilities in this direction, and
different methods can be adapted for measurement of deformations caused by motor
activity of muscles, their contraction velocity and determination of tonic state of
musculature.
It is known that muscles generate low-frequency sound oscillations, the intensity
of which depends on the functional state of these muscles. Sounds of muscles are not
connected with changes of the blood flow and have the same character during arbitrary contraction as well as during stimulation, and oscillation frequency does not
depend on the surrounding temperature [109, 110]. The sound occurs as a result
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
their disappearing. The diameter of the scanning beam had to be varied in experiments for obtaining maximal contrast interferograms for observation of considerably
heterogeneous deformations occurring during contractions of living tissue.
Apart from useful physical information about mechanical properties of biotissues
and amplitude–velocity regimes of motor organs, similar maps of deformations can
give the information about the state of internal organs. The authors of the works [69,
102–105] developed speckle-photography methods for measurement of the map of
chest surface deformation in a certain phase of heart contraction. As the length of
elastic wave is more than the distance between the heart and the chest surface, then
its deformations show the state of the heart muscle. According to them, there is a
connection between this deformation field and the experienced heart disease. The
obtained results show the possibility of effective application of speckle-photography
in medical–biological study of living tissue contraction. Besides, it can be used in
the study on biomechanics and supplement methods of holographic interferometry
in other medical applications.
Biomechanical characteristics of human skeletal muscles are of great interest both
for studies and for physicians. Constant contractions and relaxations of muscles occur
in the body of a wakeful person, and they lead to respective shifts and vibrations of
skin.
In the end, different abnormalities occurring in the human organism lead to
alteration of degree of muscle contractility, which is connected with biomechanical parameters, and in turn, this changes amplitude and oscillation frequency of the
muscle and the skin surface.
Meanwhile, the dynamics of these processes is connected with the dynamics
of the object itself that gives the possibility to detect such abnormalities in muscle
contractions according to the peculiarities of intensity fluctuation spectra and connect
them with different diseases. In the work [106], Descherevsky’s model [107, 108] is
taken as a mathematic model of a skeletal muscle, which works in contraction regime.
Amplitude and oscillation frequency of the muscle were calculated on its example
at different values of biomechanical parameters. The expression for intensity of
radiation scattered by the surface was obtained that gives the possibility to determine
oscillation amplitude of the muscle. In particular, graphs were made, which describe
the intensity of the scattered radiation depending on the load, which corresponds to
the experimental data.
The progress of muscular physiology is determined by experimental equipment
to a great extent. Speckle-optics gives different possibilities in this direction, and
different methods can be adapted for measurement of deformations caused by motor
activity of muscles, their contraction velocity and determination of tonic state of
musculature.
It is known that muscles generate low-frequency sound oscillations, the intensity
of which depends on the functional state of these muscles. Sounds of muscles are not
connected with changes of the blood flow and have the same character during arbitrary contraction as well as during stimulation, and oscillation frequency does not
depend on the surrounding temperature [109, 110]. The sound occurs as a result