Chapter 5
Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical
Diagnostics and Laser Hemotherapy
in Treatment of Diseases of Peripheral
Nervous System
Development of modern medicine is closely connected with the achievements of
science and technology. The tendency of medicine to obtain the needed amount
of information about objects without damage or influence leads to the necessity
of creation of highly sensitive non-contact methods. In the last decade, a number
of interesting cross-disciplinary, medical and optical, scientifically applied schools
appeared. Different optical devices and gadgets, for example, laser surgical scalpels,
fiber gastroscopes, ophthalmologic devices for laser microsurgery, laser therapeutic
units, etc., were developed and found wide clinical application. But the scope of
optical possibilities is not limited by the developments named above. Introduction
of speckle-optical methods, which use coherent characteristics of laser radiation, is
rather prospective for medical instrument making.
During its short history (in fact from 1978), speckle-optics accumulated a large
number of different methods of measurement in different technical areas of physics.
But the factual material concerning medicine and biology is rather small.
As it was demonstrated in Chap. 2, the classical and holography interferometry,
where the amplitude correlation participates, can be used only for the study of transparent phase microobjects: separate cells, fibers, microvessels [1]. More complex
systems, for example, ensemble of cells, whole muscles, integumentary tissues,
intensively scatter light. In this case, the measurements on the basis of intensity
correlation, namely methods of speckle-interferometry and spectroscopy of optical
shift, possess large possibilities of principal character. As it was shown in Chap. 4
(see Fig. 4.1) at radiation with coherent light of the rough surface diffusely scattered
radiation forms in the observation plane typical “spot” structure of illumination called
a speckle-image.
In this case, all the points of the illuminated by laser radiation diffusive surface
send coherent interfering waves onto observer’s retina. Image of each point of the
surface on the retina is a diffraction pattern, which is determined by the optical
system of the eye. Because of interference of these diffraction patterns, the surface
of the object seems spotty to the observer, or covered with “speckles” as it is said
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
L. Tanin et al., Biomedical and Resonance Optics, Bioanalysis 11,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60773-9_5
365
Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical
Diagnostics and Laser Hemotherapy
in Treatment of Diseases of Peripheral
Nervous System
Development of modern medicine is closely connected with the achievements of
science and technology. The tendency of medicine to obtain the needed amount
of information about objects without damage or influence leads to the necessity
of creation of highly sensitive non-contact methods. In the last decade, a number
of interesting cross-disciplinary, medical and optical, scientifically applied schools
appeared. Different optical devices and gadgets, for example, laser surgical scalpels,
fiber gastroscopes, ophthalmologic devices for laser microsurgery, laser therapeutic
units, etc., were developed and found wide clinical application. But the scope of
optical possibilities is not limited by the developments named above. Introduction
of speckle-optical methods, which use coherent characteristics of laser radiation, is
rather prospective for medical instrument making.
During its short history (in fact from 1978), speckle-optics accumulated a large
number of different methods of measurement in different technical areas of physics.
But the factual material concerning medicine and biology is rather small.
As it was demonstrated in Chap. 2, the classical and holography interferometry,
where the amplitude correlation participates, can be used only for the study of transparent phase microobjects: separate cells, fibers, microvessels [1]. More complex
systems, for example, ensemble of cells, whole muscles, integumentary tissues,
intensively scatter light. In this case, the measurements on the basis of intensity
correlation, namely methods of speckle-interferometry and spectroscopy of optical
shift, possess large possibilities of principal character. As it was shown in Chap. 4
(see Fig. 4.1) at radiation with coherent light of the rough surface diffusely scattered
radiation forms in the observation plane typical “spot” structure of illumination called
a speckle-image.
In this case, all the points of the illuminated by laser radiation diffusive surface
send coherent interfering waves onto observer’s retina. Image of each point of the
surface on the retina is a diffraction pattern, which is determined by the optical
system of the eye. Because of interference of these diffraction patterns, the surface
of the object seems spotty to the observer, or covered with “speckles” as it is said
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
L. Tanin et al., Biomedical and Resonance Optics, Bioanalysis 11,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60773-9_5
365