102
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
[303]. There are sources, which show that under the influence of permanent magnetic
field with the induction of 0.4–1.3 T, there is the change of the capacity of double layer
of lipid membranes from egg lecithin in dextran correlated with the membrane area
changes, and these changes take place under interaction time about several minutes
[304, 305].
Muscular tissue is also sensitive to magnetic fields. In the work [306], morphohistochemical changes in cat skeletal muscles were registered. They appeared under
the influence of pulsed magnetic field of 89 kA during 6 h per day over 20 days or
under single influence [307]. On the fifth day after the manipulation in many muscle
fibers, contraction nodes appear, in which some of the fibers broaden in a flask-shaped
way and the fringes of cross-striation approach. In the detected part, there is sharp
myofibril multiplexing, which forms clear longitudinal striation in the muscle fiber.
In addition, attention was drawn to the reduction of such a functional parameter
as the threshold of excitability in the neuromuscular preparation when applying a
field [308]. Some researchers have noted a contractile response caused by a pulsed
magnetic field during non-contact stimulation of human muscles [309], muscle
contraction of a frog and a rabbit [310]. When a frog was poisoned, the contraction
was absent (the method of poisoning was not specified).
It should be noted that the mentioned structural and functional changes in muscle
tissue were observed in some time after field influence. First of all, it can be explained
by the fact that for the structural changes, accumulation time is needed, and secondly,
by the complexity of the studies directly under field overlapping. The last difficulty
can be obviated using a contactless method of diffractometry. This method allows
remote recording of diffraction pattern and calculating sarcomere sizes [311–313] of
muscle fiber and their changing during the moment of the field action. The method
allows detecting the thickness of myofibril cluster [314], the function of sarcomere
length distribution [315] and A-disks dynamics [316].
In the review [317], results of studies and perspectives of the action mechanisms
of constant and low-frequency magnetic fields are shown. These fields do not influence some membrane and tissue structures. The authors of the work [297] studied
the influence of single and set of pulses of small amplitude magnetic field on electric activity of shell neurons. For single pulse of triangle magnetic field, there is
detected the dependence of neuron reaction on the magnetic field change velocity.
For the set of pulses [318] with the amplitude of 0.1 mV and time of 10 s, there
was observed activity depression of snail neurons. The possible mechanism of lowlevel electromagnetic radiation influence on living organisms, which is based on the
assumption of electromagnetic self-oscillations of cellular construction (for example,
membrane parts) and qualitative state of living cells, is discussed in the work [319].
The method of the measurement of the latent period and pulsing velocity in isolated
nerve after the processing of variable magnetic field is proposed in the work [320].
The author of the work [321, 322] studied therapeutic influence of magnetic field
on neuromuscular apparatus and assumed that magnetic field influenced the nervous
system peripheral departments. There was also carried out the set of experiments
on the influence of variable magnetic field of neuromuscular apparatus where we
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
[303]. There are sources, which show that under the influence of permanent magnetic
field with the induction of 0.4–1.3 T, there is the change of the capacity of double layer
of lipid membranes from egg lecithin in dextran correlated with the membrane area
changes, and these changes take place under interaction time about several minutes
[304, 305].
Muscular tissue is also sensitive to magnetic fields. In the work [306], morphohistochemical changes in cat skeletal muscles were registered. They appeared under
the influence of pulsed magnetic field of 89 kA during 6 h per day over 20 days or
under single influence [307]. On the fifth day after the manipulation in many muscle
fibers, contraction nodes appear, in which some of the fibers broaden in a flask-shaped
way and the fringes of cross-striation approach. In the detected part, there is sharp
myofibril multiplexing, which forms clear longitudinal striation in the muscle fiber.
In addition, attention was drawn to the reduction of such a functional parameter
as the threshold of excitability in the neuromuscular preparation when applying a
field [308]. Some researchers have noted a contractile response caused by a pulsed
magnetic field during non-contact stimulation of human muscles [309], muscle
contraction of a frog and a rabbit [310]. When a frog was poisoned, the contraction
was absent (the method of poisoning was not specified).
It should be noted that the mentioned structural and functional changes in muscle
tissue were observed in some time after field influence. First of all, it can be explained
by the fact that for the structural changes, accumulation time is needed, and secondly,
by the complexity of the studies directly under field overlapping. The last difficulty
can be obviated using a contactless method of diffractometry. This method allows
remote recording of diffraction pattern and calculating sarcomere sizes [311–313] of
muscle fiber and their changing during the moment of the field action. The method
allows detecting the thickness of myofibril cluster [314], the function of sarcomere
length distribution [315] and A-disks dynamics [316].
In the review [317], results of studies and perspectives of the action mechanisms
of constant and low-frequency magnetic fields are shown. These fields do not influence some membrane and tissue structures. The authors of the work [297] studied
the influence of single and set of pulses of small amplitude magnetic field on electric activity of shell neurons. For single pulse of triangle magnetic field, there is
detected the dependence of neuron reaction on the magnetic field change velocity.
For the set of pulses [318] with the amplitude of 0.1 mV and time of 10 s, there
was observed activity depression of snail neurons. The possible mechanism of lowlevel electromagnetic radiation influence on living organisms, which is based on the
assumption of electromagnetic self-oscillations of cellular construction (for example,
membrane parts) and qualitative state of living cells, is discussed in the work [319].
The method of the measurement of the latent period and pulsing velocity in isolated
nerve after the processing of variable magnetic field is proposed in the work [320].
The author of the work [321, 322] studied therapeutic influence of magnetic field
on neuromuscular apparatus and assumed that magnetic field influenced the nervous
system peripheral departments. There was also carried out the set of experiments
on the influence of variable magnetic field of neuromuscular apparatus where we