2.2 Holographic Study of Structural and Functional Characteristics …
85
under this condition. Functional value of these changes can be quite high for the
transport process as well as for activity control of membrane ferments.
The studies of membrane structural changes using optical methods considerably
complete the use of vital fluorescent dyes. Fluorescence (to be more exact its quantum
output, spectrum and polarization) is a quite sensitive test to viscosity change, pH,
surrounding polarity of dye molecules. I. Tasaki and co-authors [206] detected that
fluorescence intensity of ANS acid dye (1—anilinonaftalin-8—sulfonate), which
colored squid axon, increases during action potential. At that the change is about
10
−4 . They described the form of action potential almost precisely. I. Tasaki [207],
later L. B. Koen [205] tested a few scores of different fluorescent dyes, for which they
detected potential-dependent fluorescence. It turned out that some dyes, especially
merocyanine, detect considerable fluorescence value shift of about 10
−3 that allows
avoiding storage during the recording.
For huge crab axons, there was received the information about the change of some
dyes optical density (turquoise—straight fast to light M), sorbed by the envelope
under threshold rhythmical stimulation and under single soldering (F/F ~ 10
−6 )
[204, 208].
It follows that nerve tissue is characterized by the set of changes of optical features
under the stimulation. They can be detected by direct measuring and under the conditions of preliminary object dying. The data received by optical methods cover a
wide set of cell structures from morphofunctional restructuring (the change of body
volume, cell nucleus, synthesis or protein decay, RNA) to thin restructuring in nerve
fibers membranes. It is important to note that the record of insignificant changes
of light scattering, light absorption, birefringence in fluorescence unlike similar in
shape information of electrophysiology corresponds to the reflection of molecular
stimulation mechanism.
Thus, the basis of vital activity of higher organisms is the functioning of electrically excited cells—muscle and nerve. These cells have much in common, but to
be more concrete, we will consider nerve fibers in detail. In general terms, this is
morpho-physiological abstract of a nerve cell. The study of optical characteristics
of function nerve fiber makes it possible to characterize its structural changes in
excitation.
2.2.2 To the Question About Neural Holography and Brain
Characteristics as 3D Dynamic Hologram
The brain is the most complicated human organ. But brain tissue consists of cells.
And it consists of special nerve cells, or neurons. Exactly with them, all variety of
our thoughts, feelings, actions are connected, namely they regulate all vital activity
processes of an organism. In the first part of the review, we talked that the main
structural element of the nervous system of higher organisms was a neuron.
85
under this condition. Functional value of these changes can be quite high for the
transport process as well as for activity control of membrane ferments.
The studies of membrane structural changes using optical methods considerably
complete the use of vital fluorescent dyes. Fluorescence (to be more exact its quantum
output, spectrum and polarization) is a quite sensitive test to viscosity change, pH,
surrounding polarity of dye molecules. I. Tasaki and co-authors [206] detected that
fluorescence intensity of ANS acid dye (1—anilinonaftalin-8—sulfonate), which
colored squid axon, increases during action potential. At that the change is about
10
−4 . They described the form of action potential almost precisely. I. Tasaki [207],
later L. B. Koen [205] tested a few scores of different fluorescent dyes, for which they
detected potential-dependent fluorescence. It turned out that some dyes, especially
merocyanine, detect considerable fluorescence value shift of about 10
−3 that allows
avoiding storage during the recording.
For huge crab axons, there was received the information about the change of some
dyes optical density (turquoise—straight fast to light M), sorbed by the envelope
under threshold rhythmical stimulation and under single soldering (F/F ~ 10
−6 )
[204, 208].
It follows that nerve tissue is characterized by the set of changes of optical features
under the stimulation. They can be detected by direct measuring and under the conditions of preliminary object dying. The data received by optical methods cover a
wide set of cell structures from morphofunctional restructuring (the change of body
volume, cell nucleus, synthesis or protein decay, RNA) to thin restructuring in nerve
fibers membranes. It is important to note that the record of insignificant changes
of light scattering, light absorption, birefringence in fluorescence unlike similar in
shape information of electrophysiology corresponds to the reflection of molecular
stimulation mechanism.
Thus, the basis of vital activity of higher organisms is the functioning of electrically excited cells—muscle and nerve. These cells have much in common, but to
be more concrete, we will consider nerve fibers in detail. In general terms, this is
morpho-physiological abstract of a nerve cell. The study of optical characteristics
of function nerve fiber makes it possible to characterize its structural changes in
excitation.
2.2.2 To the Question About Neural Holography and Brain
Characteristics as 3D Dynamic Hologram
The brain is the most complicated human organ. But brain tissue consists of cells.
And it consists of special nerve cells, or neurons. Exactly with them, all variety of
our thoughts, feelings, actions are connected, namely they regulate all vital activity
processes of an organism. In the first part of the review, we talked that the main
structural element of the nervous system of higher organisms was a neuron.