2.6 Application to Aircraft Structures
43
Fig. 2.16 Normalized anomalous conductivity-map of the fastener-with-multisite-damage structure
We have added noise to all the model impedance data used in our inversions. We
assume that the noise has a zero-mean Gaussian distribution for both the magnitude
and the phase of the impedance. We use a 1% variance in the magnitude and a 1 ◦
variance in the phase angle. These figures are realistic for contemporary instruments
and data gathering techniques. As for the robust estimators, we have experimented
with both, the Least Median of Squares (LMS) and the Scale (S) estimators, and
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