288
throughout the entire year. Chankillo is the only one where this was achieved on a
monumental scale, and where all the component elements of this unique instrument
are still extant and functional.
Chankillo also embodies an accumulation of knowledge about natural and astronomical processes and their connection to the solar cult, expressed masterfully in
the integration of the skyscape to the natural and built environment. Besides the
Solar Observatory, a wider set of monuments forming the ceremonial centre likewise took advantage of further solar and possibly lunar alignments upon both constructed and natural targets to define dates. It provides a prominent example of
human interaction with a desert landscape.
Acknowledgments This paper benefits extensively from the research and writing of Clive
Ruggles on the Chankillo project, and would not be possible without his generous contributions.
References
Bauer, B. S. & Dearborn, D. S. P. (1995). Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes: The
Cultural Origins of Inca Sky Watching. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Chicoine, D. (2006). Early horizon architecture at huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru. Journal of
Field Archaeology, 31(2), 1–22.
Chicoine, D., & Ikehara, H. (2010). Nuevas evidencias sobre el Periodo Formativo del valle de
Nepeña: Resultados preliminares de la primera temporada de investigaciones en Caylán.
Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, 12, 349–370.
Cotrina, J., Peña, V., Tandaypan, A., & Pretell, E. (2003). Evidencias salinar: Sitios Vn-35 Y Vn 36,
Sector Sute Bajo, Valle De Nepeña. Revista Arqueológica Sian, 8, 7–12.
CyArk. (2011). Digitally Preserving Chankillo: A partnership between CyArk, the World
Monuments Fund and IDARQ. World Monuments Fund. Report.
De las Casas, J. G. (2018). Primer Informe de conservación y restauración Temporada 2018—
Trece Torres. Lima: Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas (IDARQ), Report.
Garcia, M. (2017). Informe Final de consultorías en estructuras en Chankillo. Lima: World
Monuments Fund Peru, Report.
Ghezzi, I. (1997). Levantamiento planimétrico y topográfico en San Diego (Casma, Perú): Reporte
final y propuesta de delimitación de la zona arqueológica. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Cultura,
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2002). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2001. Report:
Lima.
Ghezzi, I. (2003a). Propuesta de Delimitación del Complejo Arqueológico Chankillo. Lima:
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2003b). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2002. Lima:
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2004). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2003. Lima: Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2006). Religious Warfare at Chankillo. In W. Isbell & H. Silverman (Eds.), Andean
archaeology III (pp. 67–84). New York: Springer.
Ghezzi, I. (2007). La naturaleza de la guerra prehispánica temprana: La perspectiva desde
Chankillo. Revista Andina, 44, 199–225.
Ghezzi, I. (2016). Chankillo as a Fortification and Late Early Horizon (400–100 BC) Warfare in
Casma, Peru. PhD Dissertation: Yale University.
I. Ghezzi
throughout the entire year. Chankillo is the only one where this was achieved on a
monumental scale, and where all the component elements of this unique instrument
are still extant and functional.
Chankillo also embodies an accumulation of knowledge about natural and astronomical processes and their connection to the solar cult, expressed masterfully in
the integration of the skyscape to the natural and built environment. Besides the
Solar Observatory, a wider set of monuments forming the ceremonial centre likewise took advantage of further solar and possibly lunar alignments upon both constructed and natural targets to define dates. It provides a prominent example of
human interaction with a desert landscape.
Acknowledgments This paper benefits extensively from the research and writing of Clive
Ruggles on the Chankillo project, and would not be possible without his generous contributions.
References
Bauer, B. S. & Dearborn, D. S. P. (1995). Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes: The
Cultural Origins of Inca Sky Watching. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Chicoine, D. (2006). Early horizon architecture at huambacho, Nepeña Valley, Peru. Journal of
Field Archaeology, 31(2), 1–22.
Chicoine, D., & Ikehara, H. (2010). Nuevas evidencias sobre el Periodo Formativo del valle de
Nepeña: Resultados preliminares de la primera temporada de investigaciones en Caylán.
Boletín de Arqueología PUCP, 12, 349–370.
Cotrina, J., Peña, V., Tandaypan, A., & Pretell, E. (2003). Evidencias salinar: Sitios Vn-35 Y Vn 36,
Sector Sute Bajo, Valle De Nepeña. Revista Arqueológica Sian, 8, 7–12.
CyArk. (2011). Digitally Preserving Chankillo: A partnership between CyArk, the World
Monuments Fund and IDARQ. World Monuments Fund. Report.
De las Casas, J. G. (2018). Primer Informe de conservación y restauración Temporada 2018—
Trece Torres. Lima: Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas (IDARQ), Report.
Garcia, M. (2017). Informe Final de consultorías en estructuras en Chankillo. Lima: World
Monuments Fund Peru, Report.
Ghezzi, I. (1997). Levantamiento planimétrico y topográfico en San Diego (Casma, Perú): Reporte
final y propuesta de delimitación de la zona arqueológica. Lima: Instituto Nacional de Cultura,
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2002). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2001. Report:
Lima.
Ghezzi, I. (2003a). Propuesta de Delimitación del Complejo Arqueológico Chankillo. Lima:
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2003b). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2002. Lima:
Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2004). Proyecto Arqueológico Chankillo: Informe de la Temporada 2003. Lima: Report.
Ghezzi, I. (2006). Religious Warfare at Chankillo. In W. Isbell & H. Silverman (Eds.), Andean
archaeology III (pp. 67–84). New York: Springer.
Ghezzi, I. (2007). La naturaleza de la guerra prehispánica temprana: La perspectiva desde
Chankillo. Revista Andina, 44, 199–225.
Ghezzi, I. (2016). Chankillo as a Fortification and Late Early Horizon (400–100 BC) Warfare in
Casma, Peru. PhD Dissertation: Yale University.
I. Ghezzi