2.1 The Rise of the 2D Materials
21
Fig. 2.3 Applications for 2D semiconductors shown at the hand of typical examples with relation
to the fields of (nano)electronics, (nano)photonics and quantum (nano)technologies. Bottom left: a
Microlaser employing a monolayer on a photonic crystal cavity. b Micrograph of a TMDC flake on
PMMA before the transfer onto the nanofabricated cavity. c SEM image of the device. d Side-view of
the simulated light-field intensity distribution. e Polarisation-resolved PL spectra with sketch of the
cavity–beam geometry. a–e Reproduced with permission. [70] Copyright 2015 Springer Nature. Top
left: f Artist’s interpretation of a field-effect transistor made of MoS 2 . Reproduced with permission.
[82] Copyright 2011 Springer Nature. Right: Example of a chip-integration approach for WSe 2
quantum emitters based on monolayer flakes on single-mode SiN waveguides (g), which were
220 nm thick and processed with surrounding microsized air trenches (h) in [83]. i Cross-sectional
mode profile at 750 nm showing the wave-guided TE-mode. j Spectral signatures and k quantum
emitter’s second-order autocorrelation function histogram g (2) (τ ). g–k Adapted with permission
under the terms of the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [83] Copyright 2019 The Author(s), published by Springer
Nature
In fact, the coverage of all these activities in a short topical overview will be out
of the scope and hardly complete. Below, an introduction to the rich world of 2D
materials is given to provide a profound background for later discussions.
2.2 Fundamentals of 2D Materials
Owing to their reduced dimensionality, remarkable physical properties are found for
2D materials (cf. [56, 91]). The extraordinary aspect ratio between the surface and
the volume of such structures exposes them heavily to the influence of their substrate
and dielectric environment, while their strong in-plane covalent bonds give them
remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Their mechanics and mechanical
21
Fig. 2.3 Applications for 2D semiconductors shown at the hand of typical examples with relation
to the fields of (nano)electronics, (nano)photonics and quantum (nano)technologies. Bottom left: a
Microlaser employing a monolayer on a photonic crystal cavity. b Micrograph of a TMDC flake on
PMMA before the transfer onto the nanofabricated cavity. c SEM image of the device. d Side-view of
the simulated light-field intensity distribution. e Polarisation-resolved PL spectra with sketch of the
cavity–beam geometry. a–e Reproduced with permission. [70] Copyright 2015 Springer Nature. Top
left: f Artist’s interpretation of a field-effect transistor made of MoS 2 . Reproduced with permission.
[82] Copyright 2011 Springer Nature. Right: Example of a chip-integration approach for WSe 2
quantum emitters based on monolayer flakes on single-mode SiN waveguides (g), which were
220 nm thick and processed with surrounding microsized air trenches (h) in [83]. i Cross-sectional
mode profile at 750 nm showing the wave-guided TE-mode. j Spectral signatures and k quantum
emitter’s second-order autocorrelation function histogram g (2) (τ ). g–k Adapted with permission
under the terms of the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [83] Copyright 2019 The Author(s), published by Springer
Nature
In fact, the coverage of all these activities in a short topical overview will be out
of the scope and hardly complete. Below, an introduction to the rich world of 2D
materials is given to provide a profound background for later discussions.
2.2 Fundamentals of 2D Materials
Owing to their reduced dimensionality, remarkable physical properties are found for
2D materials (cf. [56, 91]). The extraordinary aspect ratio between the surface and
the volume of such structures exposes them heavily to the influence of their substrate
and dielectric environment, while their strong in-plane covalent bonds give them
remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Their mechanics and mechanical