4.3 Quantum Optics
111
In those cases, where an ensemble of emitters couples to the light field in an optical
microcavity, one typically refers to the system as semiclassical. Nonetheless, in both
cases, hybridisation leads to exciton–polariton formation.
A basic introduction to cavity–polaritons is for instance provided in [121], whereas
more detailed theoretical analysis of the coupling regimes is given for example in
[157–159], and a rich background on (bulk, 2D and confined) exciton–polaritons in
general can be acquired through [14].
Quantum Emitters in Photonic Quantum Boxes
In the field of cQED, these single quantum emitters provided for example by
epitaxially-grown quantum dots (artificial atoms in the form of nanoislands) are
investigated with regard to coupling regimes and photon statistics (cf. Fig. 4.6).
They can strongly couple to the light field, as well as deliver photon antibunching (a signature for nonclassical light) from the hybridised eigen-modes in optical
micropillars [161]. Similarly, a one-atom laser, which also operated in the strongFig. 4.6 Sketch of the temporal statistics for thermal, coherent (top) and nonclassical light (centre),
as well as a schematic second-order temporal autocorrelation function diagram around zero temporal
delay (bottom) for these three light sources, with a super-Poissonian (bunching), b Poissonian
(random distribution), and c sub-Poissonian statistics (antibunching), respectively. Lines in the
schematic pulse trains indicate individual photons. The ideal case of a deterministic single-photon
emitter (d) corresponds to a Fock state with N = 1 and an output with temporally equally-separated
pulses of single photons (right pulse train in the red box). Reused with permission. [160] Copyright
2009 Arash Rahimi-Iman
111
In those cases, where an ensemble of emitters couples to the light field in an optical
microcavity, one typically refers to the system as semiclassical. Nonetheless, in both
cases, hybridisation leads to exciton–polariton formation.
A basic introduction to cavity–polaritons is for instance provided in [121], whereas
more detailed theoretical analysis of the coupling regimes is given for example in
[157–159], and a rich background on (bulk, 2D and confined) exciton–polaritons in
general can be acquired through [14].
Quantum Emitters in Photonic Quantum Boxes
In the field of cQED, these single quantum emitters provided for example by
epitaxially-grown quantum dots (artificial atoms in the form of nanoislands) are
investigated with regard to coupling regimes and photon statistics (cf. Fig. 4.6).
They can strongly couple to the light field, as well as deliver photon antibunching (a signature for nonclassical light) from the hybridised eigen-modes in optical
micropillars [161]. Similarly, a one-atom laser, which also operated in the strongFig. 4.6 Sketch of the temporal statistics for thermal, coherent (top) and nonclassical light (centre),
as well as a schematic second-order temporal autocorrelation function diagram around zero temporal
delay (bottom) for these three light sources, with a super-Poissonian (bunching), b Poissonian
(random distribution), and c sub-Poissonian statistics (antibunching), respectively. Lines in the
schematic pulse trains indicate individual photons. The ideal case of a deterministic single-photon
emitter (d) corresponds to a Fock state with N = 1 and an output with temporally equally-separated
pulses of single photons (right pulse train in the red box). Reused with permission. [160] Copyright
2009 Arash Rahimi-Iman