Fig. 3.1 a Precipitation
(mm/day) and 850 hPa (m/s)
wind climatology for southwest
monsoon period (JJAS; upper
panel), northeast monsoon period
(OND; middle panel) and winter
monsoon season (DJF; lower
panel). GPCP rainfall and
ERA-interim winds for the period
of 1979–2017 are used.
b Interannual variability of
all-India summer monsoon
rainfall (1901–2018). The excess
(green), deficit (red) and normal
(black) monsoons are also shown.
Data Source: IMD 0.25
o x 0.25
o
gridded daily rainfall data (Pai
et al. 2014)
3 Precipitation Changes in India
49