Contents
1 Introduction to Climate Change Over the Indian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
R. Krishnan, C. Gnanaseelan, J. Sanjay, P. Swapna, Chirag Dhara, T. P. Sabin,
Jyoti Jadhav, N. Sandeep, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Manmeet Singh,
M. Mujumdar, Anant Parekh, Abha Tewari, and Rajeev Mehajan
2 Temperature Changes in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
J. Sanjay, J. V. Revadekar, M. V. S. Ramarao, H. Borgaonkar,
S. Sengupta, D. R. Kothawale, Jayashri Patel, R. Mahesh, and S. Ingle
3 Precipitation Changes in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Ashwini Kulkarni, T. P. Sabin, Jasti S. Chowdary, K. Koteswara Rao, P. Priya,
Naveen Gandhi, Preethi Bhaskar, Vinodh K. Buri, and S. S. Sabade
4 Observations and Modeling of GHG Concentrations and Fluxes
Over India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Supriyo Chakraborty, Yogesh K. Tiwari, Pramit Kumar Deb Burman,
Somnath Baidya Roy, and Vinu Valsala
5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Suvarna Fadnavis, Anoop Sharad Mahajan, Ayantika Dey Choudhury,
Chaitri Roy, Manmeet Singh, and Mriganka Shekhar Biswas
6 Droughts and Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Milind Mujumdar, Preethi Bhaskar, M. V. S. Ramarao,
Umakanth Uppara, Mangesh Goswami, Hemant Borgaonkar,
Supriyo Chakraborty, and Somaru Ram
7 Synoptic Scale Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Savita Patwardhan, K. P. Sooraj, Hamza Varikoden, S. Vishnu,
K. Koteswararao, and M. V. S. Ramarao
8 Extreme Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Ramesh K. Vellore, Nayana Deshpande, P. Priya, Bhupendra B. Singh,
and Jagat Bisht
9 Sea-Level Rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
P. Swapna, M. Ravichandran, G. Nidheesh, J. Jyoti, N. Sandeep, and J. S. Deepa
10 Indian Ocean Warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
M. K. Roxy, C. Gnanaseelan, Anant Parekh, Jasti S. Chowdary,
Shikha Singh, Aditi Modi, Rashmi Kakatkar, Sandeep Mohapatra,
and Chirag Dhara
xix
1 Introduction to Climate Change Over the Indian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
R. Krishnan, C. Gnanaseelan, J. Sanjay, P. Swapna, Chirag Dhara, T. P. Sabin,
Jyoti Jadhav, N. Sandeep, Ayantika Dey Choudhury, Manmeet Singh,
M. Mujumdar, Anant Parekh, Abha Tewari, and Rajeev Mehajan
2 Temperature Changes in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
J. Sanjay, J. V. Revadekar, M. V. S. Ramarao, H. Borgaonkar,
S. Sengupta, D. R. Kothawale, Jayashri Patel, R. Mahesh, and S. Ingle
3 Precipitation Changes in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Ashwini Kulkarni, T. P. Sabin, Jasti S. Chowdary, K. Koteswara Rao, P. Priya,
Naveen Gandhi, Preethi Bhaskar, Vinodh K. Buri, and S. S. Sabade
4 Observations and Modeling of GHG Concentrations and Fluxes
Over India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Supriyo Chakraborty, Yogesh K. Tiwari, Pramit Kumar Deb Burman,
Somnath Baidya Roy, and Vinu Valsala
5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Suvarna Fadnavis, Anoop Sharad Mahajan, Ayantika Dey Choudhury,
Chaitri Roy, Manmeet Singh, and Mriganka Shekhar Biswas
6 Droughts and Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Milind Mujumdar, Preethi Bhaskar, M. V. S. Ramarao,
Umakanth Uppara, Mangesh Goswami, Hemant Borgaonkar,
Supriyo Chakraborty, and Somaru Ram
7 Synoptic Scale Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Savita Patwardhan, K. P. Sooraj, Hamza Varikoden, S. Vishnu,
K. Koteswararao, and M. V. S. Ramarao
8 Extreme Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Ramesh K. Vellore, Nayana Deshpande, P. Priya, Bhupendra B. Singh,
and Jagat Bisht
9 Sea-Level Rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
P. Swapna, M. Ravichandran, G. Nidheesh, J. Jyoti, N. Sandeep, and J. S. Deepa
10 Indian Ocean Warming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
M. K. Roxy, C. Gnanaseelan, Anant Parekh, Jasti S. Chowdary,
Shikha Singh, Aditi Modi, Rashmi Kakatkar, Sandeep Mohapatra,
and Chirag Dhara
xix