45
Companies are faced with economic challenges like the need for investments, the
lack of equity capital and high operating costs. In addition, the often-required bondage of economic growth are a big challenge for eco-social companies with defined
‘other-than-profit goals’. The efficiency of sustainable entrepreneurs will vary based
on market structures, norms, rights and legislation. A deep influence in social and
ecological sustainable meaning sometimes does not exist because of the game
theory- based phenomena called prisoner’s dilemma (Pacheco et al. 2010).
Sustainability is one of the most used buzzwords of our time. A big challenge
regarding Environmental Citizenship is greenwashing. With labels like ‘green’,
‘clean’, ‘organic’, ‘eco’ and ‘emission neutral’, many companies are generating
unjustified profit (Walther 2009). From a citizen point of view, the lack of information within certification and designation of origin and deceptive marketing of companies are big challenges.
Acknowledgement This chapter is based on work from Cost Action ENEC – European Network
for Environmental Citizenship (CA16229) – supported by COST (European Cooperation in
Science and Technology).
References
Altenburg, T., Altenburg, T., Assmann, C., Rodrik, D., Padilla, E., Ambec, S., Esposito, M., &
Cosbey, A. (2017). Green industrial policy: Concept, policies, country experiences.
Androvičová, Z., & Rácz, A. (2017). Hodnoty v živote človeka [Values in the life of man]. Zvolen:
Technical university on Zvolen.
Barnea, A., Heinkel, R., & Kraus, A. (2005). Green investors and corporate investment. Structural
Change and Economic Dynamics, 16(3), 332–346.
Barr, S. (2008). Environment and society: Sustainability, policy and the citizen. Hampshire:
Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Barry, J. (2006). Resistance is fertile: From environmental to sustainability citizenship. In
A. Dobson & D. Bell (Eds.), Environmental citizenship (pp. 21–48). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Beder, S. (1996). Charging the earth: The promotion of price-based measures for pollution control.
Ecological Economics, 16, 51–63.
Beder, S. (2011). Environmental economics and ecological economics: The contribution of interdisciplinarity to understanding, influence and effectiveness. Environmental Conservation,
38(2), 140–150.
Benedict, X. V. I. (2009). Encyclical caritas in veritate. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Berglund, T., & Gericke, N. (2016). Separated and integrated perspectives on environmental, economic, and social dimensions – An investigation of student views on sustainable development.
Environmental Education Research, 22(8), 1115–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.201
5.1063589.
Berz, G. A. (1999). Catastrophes and climate change: Concerns and possible countermeasures
of the insurance industry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 4(3–4),
283–293.
Borderstep Institute for Innovation and Sustainabilty. (2018). Green economy start-up monitor
2017. Retrieved from https://www.borderstep.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Borderstep_
GEMO_Broschuere_EN_Online.pdf
Bostan, I., Burciu, A., & Condrea, P. (2010). Trends of the communitarian cohesion policies and
advertising for eco-investments. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ),
9(6), 847–851.
3 Economic Dimensions of Environmental Citizenship
Companies are faced with economic challenges like the need for investments, the
lack of equity capital and high operating costs. In addition, the often-required bondage of economic growth are a big challenge for eco-social companies with defined
‘other-than-profit goals’. The efficiency of sustainable entrepreneurs will vary based
on market structures, norms, rights and legislation. A deep influence in social and
ecological sustainable meaning sometimes does not exist because of the game
theory- based phenomena called prisoner’s dilemma (Pacheco et al. 2010).
Sustainability is one of the most used buzzwords of our time. A big challenge
regarding Environmental Citizenship is greenwashing. With labels like ‘green’,
‘clean’, ‘organic’, ‘eco’ and ‘emission neutral’, many companies are generating
unjustified profit (Walther 2009). From a citizen point of view, the lack of information within certification and designation of origin and deceptive marketing of companies are big challenges.
Acknowledgement This chapter is based on work from Cost Action ENEC – European Network
for Environmental Citizenship (CA16229) – supported by COST (European Cooperation in
Science and Technology).
References
Altenburg, T., Altenburg, T., Assmann, C., Rodrik, D., Padilla, E., Ambec, S., Esposito, M., &
Cosbey, A. (2017). Green industrial policy: Concept, policies, country experiences.
Androvičová, Z., & Rácz, A. (2017). Hodnoty v živote človeka [Values in the life of man]. Zvolen:
Technical university on Zvolen.
Barnea, A., Heinkel, R., & Kraus, A. (2005). Green investors and corporate investment. Structural
Change and Economic Dynamics, 16(3), 332–346.
Barr, S. (2008). Environment and society: Sustainability, policy and the citizen. Hampshire:
Ashgate Publishing Limited.
Barry, J. (2006). Resistance is fertile: From environmental to sustainability citizenship. In
A. Dobson & D. Bell (Eds.), Environmental citizenship (pp. 21–48). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Beder, S. (1996). Charging the earth: The promotion of price-based measures for pollution control.
Ecological Economics, 16, 51–63.
Beder, S. (2011). Environmental economics and ecological economics: The contribution of interdisciplinarity to understanding, influence and effectiveness. Environmental Conservation,
38(2), 140–150.
Benedict, X. V. I. (2009). Encyclical caritas in veritate. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Berglund, T., & Gericke, N. (2016). Separated and integrated perspectives on environmental, economic, and social dimensions – An investigation of student views on sustainable development.
Environmental Education Research, 22(8), 1115–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.201
5.1063589.
Berz, G. A. (1999). Catastrophes and climate change: Concerns and possible countermeasures
of the insurance industry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 4(3–4),
283–293.
Borderstep Institute for Innovation and Sustainabilty. (2018). Green economy start-up monitor
2017. Retrieved from https://www.borderstep.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Borderstep_
GEMO_Broschuere_EN_Online.pdf
Bostan, I., Burciu, A., & Condrea, P. (2010). Trends of the communitarian cohesion policies and
advertising for eco-investments. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ),
9(6), 847–851.
3 Economic Dimensions of Environmental Citizenship