192
Z. Zheng
and explore the order-parameter dynamics in terms of self-consistency approach,
the Ott-Antonsen ansatz or the ensemble order parameter technique. Symmetries
exist in many networks of coupled phase-oscillator systems, Watanabe and Strogatz
introduced the Mobius transformation (called the WS transformation) to reduce the
high-dimensional dynamics to a three-dimensional space, and the two-dimensional
invariant manifold obtained by using the OA ansatz is in fact a sub-manifold in the
WS space. We will not discuss these topics here. Interested readers may refer [6, 92,
93] for more information.
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