Chapter 5
Isospin Effects: Nuclear Fragmentation
as a Probe
Preeti Bansal, Sakshi Gautam, and Rajeev K. Puri
Abstract With the advancement in radioactive ion beam facilities, the interest of
nuclear physics community is shifted toward investigating the role of isopin dependence of equation of state in reaction dynamics of heavy-ion collisions. Here, we
probe isospin effects via nuclear multifragmentation. Using the isospin-dependent
quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model, we present the study of reactions of
isotopic and isobaric pairs. Here, we studied the E
max
c.m. (the energy corresponding to
maximal production of fragments) for various fragments produced in multifragmentation. It has been observed that the peak energy is governed by symmetry potential
in comparison to isospin dependence of NN cross section. We further continued the
study by dividing the final fragmentation pattern into free particles (A = 1) and fragments (A > 1) by labeling them as gas and liquid, respectively. We studied the energy
dependence of gas/liquid content for different reactions. Our investigation revealed
an existence of cross-over energy (the energy corresponding to equal contribution of
gas and liquid contents) which is greatly influenced by symmetry energy rather than
isospin dependence of nn cross section. Further, our study revealed that cross-over
energy is sensitive to density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy as well, thus
can be used as a good probe for the same at supra-saturation densities.
5.1 Introduction
The heavy-ion collisions bring about various phenomena at different beam energies
going from fusion–fission at lower energies to complete disassembly of colliding
matter at high energies. At very low energies, compound nucleus is formed with the
emission of light particles while quarks and gluons are formed at very high incident energies. At intermediate energies, hot and compressed nuclear matter with
P. Bansal (B) · S. Gautam · R. K. Puri
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
e-mail: preetibansal1111@gmail.com
P. Bansal
Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_5
51
Isospin Effects: Nuclear Fragmentation
as a Probe
Preeti Bansal, Sakshi Gautam, and Rajeev K. Puri
Abstract With the advancement in radioactive ion beam facilities, the interest of
nuclear physics community is shifted toward investigating the role of isopin dependence of equation of state in reaction dynamics of heavy-ion collisions. Here, we
probe isospin effects via nuclear multifragmentation. Using the isospin-dependent
quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model, we present the study of reactions of
isotopic and isobaric pairs. Here, we studied the E
max
c.m. (the energy corresponding to
maximal production of fragments) for various fragments produced in multifragmentation. It has been observed that the peak energy is governed by symmetry potential
in comparison to isospin dependence of NN cross section. We further continued the
study by dividing the final fragmentation pattern into free particles (A = 1) and fragments (A > 1) by labeling them as gas and liquid, respectively. We studied the energy
dependence of gas/liquid content for different reactions. Our investigation revealed
an existence of cross-over energy (the energy corresponding to equal contribution of
gas and liquid contents) which is greatly influenced by symmetry energy rather than
isospin dependence of nn cross section. Further, our study revealed that cross-over
energy is sensitive to density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy as well, thus
can be used as a good probe for the same at supra-saturation densities.
5.1 Introduction
The heavy-ion collisions bring about various phenomena at different beam energies
going from fusion–fission at lower energies to complete disassembly of colliding
matter at high energies. At very low energies, compound nucleus is formed with the
emission of light particles while quarks and gluons are formed at very high incident energies. At intermediate energies, hot and compressed nuclear matter with
P. Bansal (B) · S. Gautam · R. K. Puri
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
e-mail: preetibansal1111@gmail.com
P. Bansal
Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_5
51