4 Study of Isospin Effects in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies …
49
4.4 Summary
We presented that isospin effects along with high Fermi momentum in IQMD model
with basic cluster algorithm can handle the dynamics of asymmetric reactions reasonably well around the Fermi energy domain. Also, it has been shown that isospin
effects via Coulomb forces affect the onset of multifragmentation.
Acknowledgements A.Sharma thanks Prof. Rajeev K. Puri for fruitful discussions and support.
The author would also like to thank Prof. Arun Bharti and Dr. Sakshi Gautam for valuable discussions
during the course of this work.
References
1. See, e.g., http://www.nscl.msu.edu/
2. INFN-LNL Report, pp. 238 (2012)
3. G.D. Alton, J.R. Beene, The holified radioactive ion beam facility at the oak ridge national
laboratoty: present status and future plans. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 24, 1347 (1998). http://
www.phy.ornal.gov
4. J.W. Xia, Y.J. Yuan, Y. Liu, In: Proceedings of PAC09, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 3048-3052
(2009); X. Cai et al., J. Phys. Con. Ser. 163, 012113 (2009)
5. Y. Yano, The RIKEN RI beam factory project: a status report. Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 261, 1009
(2007)
6. See, e.g., http://www.gsi.de/fair/index-e.html
7. A. Sharma, Study of Asymmetric and Neutron-Rich Heavy-Ion Collisions Using IsospinDependent Quantum Molecular Dyanmics Model (University of Jammu, Jammu, 2016). Ph.
D. Thesis
8. J. Aichelin, Quantum molecular dynamics-a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rep.
202, 233–260 (1991); R. Kumar, S. Gautam, R.K. Puri, Multifragmentation within a clusterization algorithm based on thermal binding energies. Phys. Rev. C 89, 064608 (2014)
9. A. Jain et al., Influence of charge asymmetry and isospin-dependent cross section on nuclear
stopping. Phys. Rev. C 84, 057602 (2011); ibid. Influence of charge asymmetry and isospindependent cross section on elliptical flow. Phys. Rev. C 85, 064608 (2012)
10. F. Fu et al., Nuclear stopping and compression in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies.
Phys. Lett. B 666, 359–363 (2008); B. Hong et al, Stopping and radial flow in central 58 Ni + 58
Ni collisions between 1 A and 2 A GeV. Phys. Rev. C 57, 244–253 (1998)
11. J.Y. Liu et al., Nuclear Stopping as a Probe for In-Medium Nucleon-Nucleon Cross Sections in
Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 975–978 (2001); ibid. Isospin
effect on the process of multifragmentation and dissipation at intermediate energy heavy ion
collisions. Phys. Rev. C 63, 054612 (2001)
12. A. Sharma, A. Bharti, Isospin effects via Coulomb forces on the onset of multifragmentation
in light and heavily charged systems. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 42 (2016)
13. T. Maruyama, K. Niita, A. Iwamoto, Extension of quantum molecular dynamics and its application to heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 53, 297–304 (1996)
14. N. Wang, Z. Li, X. Wu, Improved quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications to
fusion reaction near barrier. Phys. Rev. C 65, 064608 (2002)
15. N. Wang, Z. Li, X. Wu, Further development of the improved quantum molecular dynamics
model and its application to fusion reactions near the barrier. Phys. Rev. C 69, 034608 (2004)
16. J.P. Bondorf et al., Statistical multifragmentation of nuclei: (I). Formulation of the model. Nucl.
Phys. A 443, 321–347 (1985)
49
4.4 Summary
We presented that isospin effects along with high Fermi momentum in IQMD model
with basic cluster algorithm can handle the dynamics of asymmetric reactions reasonably well around the Fermi energy domain. Also, it has been shown that isospin
effects via Coulomb forces affect the onset of multifragmentation.
Acknowledgements A.Sharma thanks Prof. Rajeev K. Puri for fruitful discussions and support.
The author would also like to thank Prof. Arun Bharti and Dr. Sakshi Gautam for valuable discussions
during the course of this work.
References
1. See, e.g., http://www.nscl.msu.edu/
2. INFN-LNL Report, pp. 238 (2012)
3. G.D. Alton, J.R. Beene, The holified radioactive ion beam facility at the oak ridge national
laboratoty: present status and future plans. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 24, 1347 (1998). http://
www.phy.ornal.gov
4. J.W. Xia, Y.J. Yuan, Y. Liu, In: Proceedings of PAC09, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 3048-3052
(2009); X. Cai et al., J. Phys. Con. Ser. 163, 012113 (2009)
5. Y. Yano, The RIKEN RI beam factory project: a status report. Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 261, 1009
(2007)
6. See, e.g., http://www.gsi.de/fair/index-e.html
7. A. Sharma, Study of Asymmetric and Neutron-Rich Heavy-Ion Collisions Using IsospinDependent Quantum Molecular Dyanmics Model (University of Jammu, Jammu, 2016). Ph.
D. Thesis
8. J. Aichelin, Quantum molecular dynamics-a dynamical microscopic n-body approach to investigate fragment formation and the nuclear equation of state in heavy ion collisions. Phys. Rep.
202, 233–260 (1991); R. Kumar, S. Gautam, R.K. Puri, Multifragmentation within a clusterization algorithm based on thermal binding energies. Phys. Rev. C 89, 064608 (2014)
9. A. Jain et al., Influence of charge asymmetry and isospin-dependent cross section on nuclear
stopping. Phys. Rev. C 84, 057602 (2011); ibid. Influence of charge asymmetry and isospindependent cross section on elliptical flow. Phys. Rev. C 85, 064608 (2012)
10. F. Fu et al., Nuclear stopping and compression in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies.
Phys. Lett. B 666, 359–363 (2008); B. Hong et al, Stopping and radial flow in central 58 Ni + 58
Ni collisions between 1 A and 2 A GeV. Phys. Rev. C 57, 244–253 (1998)
11. J.Y. Liu et al., Nuclear Stopping as a Probe for In-Medium Nucleon-Nucleon Cross Sections in
Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 975–978 (2001); ibid. Isospin
effect on the process of multifragmentation and dissipation at intermediate energy heavy ion
collisions. Phys. Rev. C 63, 054612 (2001)
12. A. Sharma, A. Bharti, Isospin effects via Coulomb forces on the onset of multifragmentation
in light and heavily charged systems. Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 42 (2016)
13. T. Maruyama, K. Niita, A. Iwamoto, Extension of quantum molecular dynamics and its application to heavy-ion collisions. Phys. Rev. C 53, 297–304 (1996)
14. N. Wang, Z. Li, X. Wu, Improved quantum molecular dynamics model and its applications to
fusion reaction near barrier. Phys. Rev. C 65, 064608 (2002)
15. N. Wang, Z. Li, X. Wu, Further development of the improved quantum molecular dynamics
model and its application to fusion reactions near the barrier. Phys. Rev. C 69, 034608 (2004)
16. J.P. Bondorf et al., Statistical multifragmentation of nuclei: (I). Formulation of the model. Nucl.
Phys. A 443, 321–347 (1985)