Chapter 4
Study of Isospin Effects in Heavy-Ion
Collisions at Intermediate Energies Using
Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular
Dynamics Model
Arun Sharma, Rohit Kumar, and Rajeev K. Puri
Abstract We present results, calculated using the microscopic framework of isospindependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model for some of the asymmetric
reactions. We show that isospin effects via symmetry potential and isospin-dependent
nucleon–nucleon cross section along with high Fermi momentum in IQMD model
can handle the difficulties of quantum molecular dynamics approach. Further, we
show that isospin effects via Coulomb forces influence the onset of multifragmentation.
4.1 Introduction
In addition to several radioactive ion beam facilities (RIBs) that already exist, considerable efforts have been made to install or plan new generation radioactive ion beam
facilities. The well-renowned facilities like National Superconducting Cyclotron
Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University in the United States of America
(USA) [1], Legnaro National Lab (LNL) at Padua in Italy [2], Holifield Radiation Ion
Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA [3], HeavyIon Research Facility of Lanzhou at Lanzhou in China [4], RIKEN in Japan [5],
TRI University Meson Facility (TRIUMF) at Vancouver in Canada, and last but not
least, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Germany [6], etc.
India is also planning to install Asia’s second largest advanced experimental facility, namely Advanced National Facility for Unstable Rare Ion Beams (ANURIB)
[7, 8]. This facility will help to collect information regarding the nuclear equation
of state (NEOS). With the advancements in various radioactive ion beam facilities,
the nuclear Physics community has shifted its interest toward isospin physics. These
facilities help in understanding about the isospin content of a nucleus and lead to the
discovery of new isotopes. These facilities also help to understand nuclear forces at
A. Sharma (B)
Department of Physics, GDC Billawar, Jammu 185204, India
e-mail: arungaur.ju@gmail.com
R. Kumar · R. K. Puri
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_4
41
Study of Isospin Effects in Heavy-Ion
Collisions at Intermediate Energies Using
Isospin-Dependent Quantum Molecular
Dynamics Model
Arun Sharma, Rohit Kumar, and Rajeev K. Puri
Abstract We present results, calculated using the microscopic framework of isospindependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) model for some of the asymmetric
reactions. We show that isospin effects via symmetry potential and isospin-dependent
nucleon–nucleon cross section along with high Fermi momentum in IQMD model
can handle the difficulties of quantum molecular dynamics approach. Further, we
show that isospin effects via Coulomb forces influence the onset of multifragmentation.
4.1 Introduction
In addition to several radioactive ion beam facilities (RIBs) that already exist, considerable efforts have been made to install or plan new generation radioactive ion beam
facilities. The well-renowned facilities like National Superconducting Cyclotron
Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University in the United States of America
(USA) [1], Legnaro National Lab (LNL) at Padua in Italy [2], Holifield Radiation Ion
Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA [3], HeavyIon Research Facility of Lanzhou at Lanzhou in China [4], RIKEN in Japan [5],
TRI University Meson Facility (TRIUMF) at Vancouver in Canada, and last but not
least, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Germany [6], etc.
India is also planning to install Asia’s second largest advanced experimental facility, namely Advanced National Facility for Unstable Rare Ion Beams (ANURIB)
[7, 8]. This facility will help to collect information regarding the nuclear equation
of state (NEOS). With the advancements in various radioactive ion beam facilities,
the nuclear Physics community has shifted its interest toward isospin physics. These
facilities help in understanding about the isospin content of a nucleus and lead to the
discovery of new isotopes. These facilities also help to understand nuclear forces at
A. Sharma (B)
Department of Physics, GDC Billawar, Jammu 185204, India
e-mail: arungaur.ju@gmail.com
R. Kumar · R. K. Puri
Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_4
41