Chapter 2
New Signatures of Phase Transition from
Models of Nuclear Multifragmentation
G. Chaudhuri, S. Mallik, P. Das, and S. Das Gupta
Abstract The study of liquid–gas phase transition in heavy-ion collisions has generated a lot of interest among the nuclear physicists in recent years. In heavy-ion
collisions, there is no direct way of measuring the state variables like entropy, pressure, energy, and hence, unambiguous characterization of phase transition becomes
difficult. This work proposes new signatures of phase transition that can be extracted
from the observables which are easily accessible in experiments. It is observed that
the temperature dependence of the first-order derivative of the order parameters in
nuclear liquid–gas phase transition exhibit similar behavior as that of the variation
of specific heat at constant volume C v which is an established signature of first-order
phase transition. This motivates us to propose these derivatives as confirmatory signals of liquid–gas phase transition. The measurement of these signals is easily feasible
in most experiments as compared to the other signatures like specific heat, caloric
curve, or bimodality. Total multiplicity, size of the largest cluster are some of the
order parameters which have been studied. Statistical models based on canonical
ensemble and lattice gas model has been used for the study. This temperature where
the peak appears is designated to be the transition temperature and the effect of certain parameters on this has also been examined. The multiplicity derivative signature
proposed in this work has been further confirmed by other theoretical models as well
as in the experimental study.
G. Chaudhuri (B) · S. Mallik · P. Das
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
e-mail: gargi@vecc.gov.in
S. Das Gupta
Physics Department, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2T8, Canada
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_2
9
New Signatures of Phase Transition from
Models of Nuclear Multifragmentation
G. Chaudhuri, S. Mallik, P. Das, and S. Das Gupta
Abstract The study of liquid–gas phase transition in heavy-ion collisions has generated a lot of interest among the nuclear physicists in recent years. In heavy-ion
collisions, there is no direct way of measuring the state variables like entropy, pressure, energy, and hence, unambiguous characterization of phase transition becomes
difficult. This work proposes new signatures of phase transition that can be extracted
from the observables which are easily accessible in experiments. It is observed that
the temperature dependence of the first-order derivative of the order parameters in
nuclear liquid–gas phase transition exhibit similar behavior as that of the variation
of specific heat at constant volume C v which is an established signature of first-order
phase transition. This motivates us to propose these derivatives as confirmatory signals of liquid–gas phase transition. The measurement of these signals is easily feasible
in most experiments as compared to the other signatures like specific heat, caloric
curve, or bimodality. Total multiplicity, size of the largest cluster are some of the
order parameters which have been studied. Statistical models based on canonical
ensemble and lattice gas model has been used for the study. This temperature where
the peak appears is designated to be the transition temperature and the effect of certain parameters on this has also been examined. The multiplicity derivative signature
proposed in this work has been further confirmed by other theoretical models as well
as in the experimental study.
G. Chaudhuri (B) · S. Mallik · P. Das
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
e-mail: gargi@vecc.gov.in
S. Das Gupta
Physics Department, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2T8, Canada
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_2
9