Chapter 9
PHQMD—A Microscopic Transport
Approach for Heavy-Ion Collisions and
Cluster Formation
Jörg Aichelin, M. Winn, E. L. Bratkovskaya, Arnaud Le Fèvre,
Yvonne Leifels, V. Kireyeu, V. Kolesnikov, and V. Voronyuk
Abstract We present the basic ideas and new results of the recently advanced transport approach called PHQMD (Parton-Hadron-Quantum Molecular Dynamics) to
describe heavy-ion collisions and especially the cluster formation in these reactions.
This n-body transport approach allows to address physical processes which cannot be
addressed by transport approaches which calculate the time evolution of the one-body
phase space density or the one-body Greens function. They include the formation
of fragments, especially of hyper-fragments, as well as the study of fluctuations as
a signal of a possible first-order phase transition which some models predict if the
strongly interacting matter is compressed to a high baryon density. This approach is
at the same time an extension of the QMD model, which has successfully been used
to describe fragments and other observables in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies
below 2 AGeV and the PHSD transport approach which is a microscopic covariant
dynamical transport approach for the one-body Greens function which successfully
described a multitude of single-particle observables in p+p, p+A and A+A collisions
from lower SIS (E beam = 1 AGeV) to LHC energies (
√
s = 5.2 TeV). We present
the model and discuss how the parametrization of nuclear potential interactions influences the prediction for different observables.
J. Aichelin · M. Winn
SUBATECH, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3/CNRS 4 rue Alfred Kastler,
44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
J. Aichelin (B)
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth Moufang Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
e-mail: aichelin@in2p3.fr
E. L. Bratkovskaya · A. Le Fèvre · Y. Leifels
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
E. L. Bratkovskaya
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
V. Kireyeu · V. Kolesnikov · V. Voronyuk
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_9
105
PHQMD—A Microscopic Transport
Approach for Heavy-Ion Collisions and
Cluster Formation
Jörg Aichelin, M. Winn, E. L. Bratkovskaya, Arnaud Le Fèvre,
Yvonne Leifels, V. Kireyeu, V. Kolesnikov, and V. Voronyuk
Abstract We present the basic ideas and new results of the recently advanced transport approach called PHQMD (Parton-Hadron-Quantum Molecular Dynamics) to
describe heavy-ion collisions and especially the cluster formation in these reactions.
This n-body transport approach allows to address physical processes which cannot be
addressed by transport approaches which calculate the time evolution of the one-body
phase space density or the one-body Greens function. They include the formation
of fragments, especially of hyper-fragments, as well as the study of fluctuations as
a signal of a possible first-order phase transition which some models predict if the
strongly interacting matter is compressed to a high baryon density. This approach is
at the same time an extension of the QMD model, which has successfully been used
to describe fragments and other observables in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies
below 2 AGeV and the PHSD transport approach which is a microscopic covariant
dynamical transport approach for the one-body Greens function which successfully
described a multitude of single-particle observables in p+p, p+A and A+A collisions
from lower SIS (E beam = 1 AGeV) to LHC energies (
√
s = 5.2 TeV). We present
the model and discuss how the parametrization of nuclear potential interactions influences the prediction for different observables.
J. Aichelin · M. Winn
SUBATECH, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3/CNRS 4 rue Alfred Kastler,
44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
J. Aichelin (B)
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth Moufang Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
e-mail: aichelin@in2p3.fr
E. L. Bratkovskaya · A. Le Fèvre · Y. Leifels
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
E. L. Bratkovskaya
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
V. Kireyeu · V. Kolesnikov · V. Voronyuk
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
R. K. Puri et al. (eds.), Advances in Nuclear Physics, Springer Proceedings
in Physics 257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9062-7_9
105