9.2 Development Status
305
(2) The protocol, bus and interface standardization were focus on information technology. The information processing and communication protocol system, such
as CCSDS, was widely used. It played an important role in the information
transmission in spacecraft, spacecraft to ground and spacecraft to spacecraft,
as well as spacecraft information fusion. In order to satisfy different data transmission requirements, there were a variety of bus types including the low speed
buses such as 1553B, OBDH bus, CAN bus, and the high speed buses such
as IEEE1394, SpaceWire and etc. In order to enable different bus and interface system to interact, CCSDS had developed spacecraft on-board interface
service (SOIS) to define onboard interface reference model and the standard
service of each layer, and standardize protocols and interfaces [4].
(3) The modularization, standardization, integration, and miniaturization were
development trend of hardware. Modular design ideas were applied to achieve
functional reduction and extension. The standardization and modularization
was the trend in structure, i.e., standard board, standard chassis and unified
standard internal bus were applied to improve the integration, extensibility and
versatility of the system [5]; FPGA, ASIC, COB and SOC were widely used to
improve the integration of the system and reduce the power consumption. The
computer processing capability was constantly strengthened. The platform had
good scalability and compatibility so as to adapt to the extension requirements
of spacecraft.
(4) The layered software architecture and the component-based design concept
were applied to realize the standardization of software interface and the high
reusability of software components [6]. It was necessary to improve the function and performance of application software, as well as the intelligent level
of system by autonomous task planning and intelligent self-management.
The current representative researches included the flight software architecture defined by NASA GSFC and the space electronic open interface architecture SAVOIR established by ESA based on SOIS and the Package Utilization
Standard (PUS).
The rapid development of electronic technology, information technology and software technology not only helped to improve the capability of spacecraft, but also
laid a technical foundation for the development of spacecraft electronic system to
integrated design. From the perspective of the development of onboard electronic
system in advanced space countries, the open architecture was adopted, and high
performance computers were used as the core. Each electronic device was integrated
into standard chassis of an integrated electronic system in the form of a standard interface module, or embedded in the form of a chip. Interconnections with the standard
bus, unified data management and control of spacecraft by an integrated electronic
system had become a common practice. By such methods, a lot of chip-based technologies were used to greatly reduce the amount, weight, and volume of the devices,
as well as improve the capabilities of electronic systems [7].
305
(2) The protocol, bus and interface standardization were focus on information technology. The information processing and communication protocol system, such
as CCSDS, was widely used. It played an important role in the information
transmission in spacecraft, spacecraft to ground and spacecraft to spacecraft,
as well as spacecraft information fusion. In order to satisfy different data transmission requirements, there were a variety of bus types including the low speed
buses such as 1553B, OBDH bus, CAN bus, and the high speed buses such
as IEEE1394, SpaceWire and etc. In order to enable different bus and interface system to interact, CCSDS had developed spacecraft on-board interface
service (SOIS) to define onboard interface reference model and the standard
service of each layer, and standardize protocols and interfaces [4].
(3) The modularization, standardization, integration, and miniaturization were
development trend of hardware. Modular design ideas were applied to achieve
functional reduction and extension. The standardization and modularization
was the trend in structure, i.e., standard board, standard chassis and unified
standard internal bus were applied to improve the integration, extensibility and
versatility of the system [5]; FPGA, ASIC, COB and SOC were widely used to
improve the integration of the system and reduce the power consumption. The
computer processing capability was constantly strengthened. The platform had
good scalability and compatibility so as to adapt to the extension requirements
of spacecraft.
(4) The layered software architecture and the component-based design concept
were applied to realize the standardization of software interface and the high
reusability of software components [6]. It was necessary to improve the function and performance of application software, as well as the intelligent level
of system by autonomous task planning and intelligent self-management.
The current representative researches included the flight software architecture defined by NASA GSFC and the space electronic open interface architecture SAVOIR established by ESA based on SOIS and the Package Utilization
Standard (PUS).
The rapid development of electronic technology, information technology and software technology not only helped to improve the capability of spacecraft, but also
laid a technical foundation for the development of spacecraft electronic system to
integrated design. From the perspective of the development of onboard electronic
system in advanced space countries, the open architecture was adopted, and high
performance computers were used as the core. Each electronic device was integrated
into standard chassis of an integrated electronic system in the form of a standard interface module, or embedded in the form of a chip. Interconnections with the standard
bus, unified data management and control of spacecraft by an integrated electronic
system had become a common practice. By such methods, a lot of chip-based technologies were used to greatly reduce the amount, weight, and volume of the devices,
as well as improve the capabilities of electronic systems [7].