302
8 Propulsion Technology of Lunar Lander
or mars exploration will become hotspots and new landers shall be developed. Analysis of such mission requirements shows that the traditional propulsion technology
is no longer suitable, it is an inevitable trend to develop new propulsion technology,
such as environmental-friendly high performance LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon fuel,
reusable propulsion, propellant refueling in space, high power electric propulsion,
nuclear propulsion and etc.
It is necessary to make breakthrough of key technology for propulsion subsystem
as follows when new lander is developed:
(1) Non-toxic high performance LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon propulsion
subsystem for orbit/attitude control.
(2) Reusable propulsion subsystem.
(3) LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon orbit/attitude control engine.
(4) Long term thermal management of cryogenic propellant tank.
(5) Small-scale, high-speed cryogenic electric pump,
(6) Throttleable engine with throttling ratio 15:1,
(7) Hall electric propulsion with hundreds of kilowatt,
(8) Cryogenic propellant refueling in space,
(9) Small-scale nuclear electric propulsion and nuclear thermal propulsion.
References
1. Chu G, Zhang H (2007) Technology of lunar probes. China Science and Technology Press,
Beijing
2. Wu W (2007) To the Moon. China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
3. Ouyang Z (2004) International lunar exploration progress and chinese lunar exploration. Geol
Sci Technol Inform 23(4):1–5
4. Jin G, Cao W, Wei Y et al (2014) Key technologies and flight performance analysis for Chang’E-3
lunar lander propulsion system. Sci Sin Tech 44(4):385–390
5. Huzel DK (2004) Modern engineering for design of liquid-rocket engine (in Chinese). China
Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
6. Liu G, Ren H, Zhu N et al (1993) Principle of liquid rocket motor. China Astronautic Publishing
House, Beijing
7. Zhu N, Liu G, et al (1994) Design of liquid propellant rocket engine. China Astronautic
Publishing House, Beijing
8. Gao S (1989) Liquid propellant. China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
9. Zhang Y (2001) Variable thrust liquid propellant rocket engine and its control techniques.
National Defense Industry Press
8 Propulsion Technology of Lunar Lander
or mars exploration will become hotspots and new landers shall be developed. Analysis of such mission requirements shows that the traditional propulsion technology
is no longer suitable, it is an inevitable trend to develop new propulsion technology,
such as environmental-friendly high performance LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon fuel,
reusable propulsion, propellant refueling in space, high power electric propulsion,
nuclear propulsion and etc.
It is necessary to make breakthrough of key technology for propulsion subsystem
as follows when new lander is developed:
(1) Non-toxic high performance LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon propulsion
subsystem for orbit/attitude control.
(2) Reusable propulsion subsystem.
(3) LO 2 /LH 2 , LO 2 /hydrocarbon orbit/attitude control engine.
(4) Long term thermal management of cryogenic propellant tank.
(5) Small-scale, high-speed cryogenic electric pump,
(6) Throttleable engine with throttling ratio 15:1,
(7) Hall electric propulsion with hundreds of kilowatt,
(8) Cryogenic propellant refueling in space,
(9) Small-scale nuclear electric propulsion and nuclear thermal propulsion.
References
1. Chu G, Zhang H (2007) Technology of lunar probes. China Science and Technology Press,
Beijing
2. Wu W (2007) To the Moon. China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
3. Ouyang Z (2004) International lunar exploration progress and chinese lunar exploration. Geol
Sci Technol Inform 23(4):1–5
4. Jin G, Cao W, Wei Y et al (2014) Key technologies and flight performance analysis for Chang’E-3
lunar lander propulsion system. Sci Sin Tech 44(4):385–390
5. Huzel DK (2004) Modern engineering for design of liquid-rocket engine (in Chinese). China
Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
6. Liu G, Ren H, Zhu N et al (1993) Principle of liquid rocket motor. China Astronautic Publishing
House, Beijing
7. Zhu N, Liu G, et al (1994) Design of liquid propellant rocket engine. China Astronautic
Publishing House, Beijing
8. Gao S (1989) Liquid propellant. China Astronautic Publishing House, Beijing
9. Zhang Y (2001) Variable thrust liquid propellant rocket engine and its control techniques.
National Defense Industry Press