163
hosted by the governments of Brazil and the UK, yielding over 200 commitments to
expand the reach of nutrition interventions during the 1000-day window, reducing
stunting, and saving the lives of almost two million children under the age of five.
Two months after the first N4G, the second Lancet series on maternal and child
nutrition was published; in this series, the title was changed from ‘undernutrition’ to
‘overnutrition’, highlighting the increasing awareness of dual forms of malnutrition
(Black et al. 2013).
In 2014, FAO and WHO jointly organized the second International Conference
on Nutrition, which had a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition with a view to
achieving global nutrition targets set by the World Health Assembly by 2025
(Haddad et al. 2015). To this end, unlike the MDGs framework, the 2013 High
Level Panel on the Post 2015 Development Agenda explicitly recommends nutrition
as an explicit feature of one of its proposed goals (Haddad et al. 2015). Consequently,
in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015, 12 out of 17 targets included nutrition-related issues (IFPRI 2016).
UNICEF framed the nutritional status of children as determined by a range of
immediate, underlying, and basic causes (UNICEF 1990), and different approaches
addressing different levels of those determinants have been taken to tackle child
malnutrition problem. Nutrition-specific interventions address the immediate determinants (i.e., dietary intake and disease) through micronutrient supplementation
and fortification, improvement of breastfeeding and complementary feeding, and
strengthening hygiene. Most of the intervention programs have been in the form of
a nutrition-specific approach, which is highly project- or donor-dependent and is
difficult for the local community to sustain.
A nutrition-sensitive approach addresses underlying determinants (i.e., food
security, health access, healthy household environment, and care practices) through
improving agriculture, water and sanitation, education, and social protection (Black
Table 8.1 Global movement on nutrition issues
Jan
2008
1st series of maternal and child undernutrition in
Lancet
Highlight the importance of
first 1000 days for tackling
malnutrition.
Sep
2010
Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) initiated
May
2012
65th World Health Assembly was held. ‘comprehensive
implementation plan on maternal, infant and young
child nutrition’ was adopted.
Global Nutrition Targets 2025
was decided.
June
2013
First Nutrition for Growth (N4G) summit was held.
Aug
2013
2nd series of maternal and child undernutrition in
lancet
Nov
2014
FAO and WHO jointly organized Second International
Conference on Nutrition
Focused on targeting all forms
of malnutrition.
Sep
2015
SDGs
12 out of 17 targets included
nutrition related issues
8 Framing Food Security and Poverty Alleviation
hosted by the governments of Brazil and the UK, yielding over 200 commitments to
expand the reach of nutrition interventions during the 1000-day window, reducing
stunting, and saving the lives of almost two million children under the age of five.
Two months after the first N4G, the second Lancet series on maternal and child
nutrition was published; in this series, the title was changed from ‘undernutrition’ to
‘overnutrition’, highlighting the increasing awareness of dual forms of malnutrition
(Black et al. 2013).
In 2014, FAO and WHO jointly organized the second International Conference
on Nutrition, which had a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overnutrition with a view to
achieving global nutrition targets set by the World Health Assembly by 2025
(Haddad et al. 2015). To this end, unlike the MDGs framework, the 2013 High
Level Panel on the Post 2015 Development Agenda explicitly recommends nutrition
as an explicit feature of one of its proposed goals (Haddad et al. 2015). Consequently,
in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015, 12 out of 17 targets included nutrition-related issues (IFPRI 2016).
UNICEF framed the nutritional status of children as determined by a range of
immediate, underlying, and basic causes (UNICEF 1990), and different approaches
addressing different levels of those determinants have been taken to tackle child
malnutrition problem. Nutrition-specific interventions address the immediate determinants (i.e., dietary intake and disease) through micronutrient supplementation
and fortification, improvement of breastfeeding and complementary feeding, and
strengthening hygiene. Most of the intervention programs have been in the form of
a nutrition-specific approach, which is highly project- or donor-dependent and is
difficult for the local community to sustain.
A nutrition-sensitive approach addresses underlying determinants (i.e., food
security, health access, healthy household environment, and care practices) through
improving agriculture, water and sanitation, education, and social protection (Black
Table 8.1 Global movement on nutrition issues
Jan
2008
1st series of maternal and child undernutrition in
Lancet
Highlight the importance of
first 1000 days for tackling
malnutrition.
Sep
2010
Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) initiated
May
2012
65th World Health Assembly was held. ‘comprehensive
implementation plan on maternal, infant and young
child nutrition’ was adopted.
Global Nutrition Targets 2025
was decided.
June
2013
First Nutrition for Growth (N4G) summit was held.
Aug
2013
2nd series of maternal and child undernutrition in
lancet
Nov
2014
FAO and WHO jointly organized Second International
Conference on Nutrition
Focused on targeting all forms
of malnutrition.
Sep
2015
SDGs
12 out of 17 targets included
nutrition related issues
8 Framing Food Security and Poverty Alleviation